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World Health Organization Regional Assessments of the Risks of Polio virus Outbreaks

机译：世界卫生组织脊髓灰质炎病毒爆发风险区域评估

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摘要

While global polio eradication requires tremendous efforts in countries where wild po-lioviruses (WPVs) circulate, numerous outbreaks have occurred following WPV importation into previously polio-free countries. Countries that have interrupted endemic WPV transmission should continue to conduct routine risk assessments and implement mitigation activities to maintain their polio-free status as long as wild poliovirus circulates anywhere in the world. This article reviews the methods used by World Health Organization (WHO) regional offices to qualitatively assess risk of WPV outbreaks following an importation. We describe the strengths and weaknesses of various risk assessment approaches, and opportunities to harmonize approaches. These qualitative assessments broadly categorize risk as high, medium, or low using available national information related to susceptibility, the ability to rapidly detect WPV, and other population or program factors that influence transmission, which the regions characterize using polio vaccination coverage, surveillance data, and other indicators (e.g., sanitation), respectively. Data quality and adequacy represent a challenge in all regions. WHO regions differ with respect to the methods, processes, cut-off values, and weighting used, which limits comparisons of risk assessment results among regions. Ongoing evaluation of indicators within regions and further harmonization of methods between regions are needed to effectively plan risk mitigation activities in a setting of finite resources for funding and continued WPV circulation.
机译：尽管全球消灭脊髓灰质炎需要在野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）流行的国家作出巨大努力，但在将WPV进口到以前没有脊髓灰质炎的国家之后，已经爆发了许多疫情。只要野生脊髓灰质炎病毒在世界各地传播，已经中断地方性WPV传播的国家应继续进行例行风险评估并实施缓解活动，以保持其无脊髓灰质炎状态。本文回顾了世界卫生组织（WHO）区域办事处用于定性评估进口后WPV爆发风险的方法。我们描述了各种风险评估方法的优缺点，以及协调方法的机会。这些定性评估使用与易感性，快速检测WPV的能力以及其他影响传播的人群或计划因素相关的可用国家信息，将风险大致分为高，中或低风险，这些地区使用小儿麻痹症疫苗接种覆盖率，监测数据，和其他指标（例如卫生）。数据质量和充分性在所有地区都是一个挑战。世卫组织区域在使用的方法，过程，临界值和权重方面有所不同，这限制了区域间风险评估结果的比较。需要在区域内对指标进行持续评估，并在区域间进一步协调方法，以有效地规划风险缓解活动，这需要有限的资源来供资并持续使用WPV。

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  • 来源
    《Risk analysis》 |2013年第4期|664-679|共16页
  • 作者

    Sara A. Lowther; Sigrun Roesel; Patrick OConnor; Mauricio Landaverde; George Oblapenko; Sergei Deshevoi; Goel Ajay; Ann Buff; Hala Safwat; Mbaye Salla; Rudi Tangermann; Nino Khetsuriani; Rebecca Martin; Steven Wassilak;

  • 作者单位

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA;

    World Health Organization (WHO), Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, Philippines;

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,WHO, Southeast Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India;

    WHO, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA;

    WHO, European Regional Office, Copenhagen, Denmark;

    WHO, European Regional Office, Copenhagen, Denmark;

    WHO, European Regional Office, Copenhagen, Denmark;

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt;

    WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt;

    WHO, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo;

    WHO, Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland;

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    disease outbreaks; immunization programs; polio vaccine; poliomyelitis; risk assessment;

    机译：疾病暴发;免疫程序;脊髓灰质炎疫苗;脊髓灰质炎;风险评估;

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