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Nanotechnology, Risk, and Oversight: Learning Lessons from Related Emerging Technologies

机译：纳米技术，风险与监督：从相关新兴技术中汲取教训

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摘要

Emerging technologies are defined by their novelty and thus are accompanied by significant uncertainty in determining appropriate ways to manage risks associated with them. Yet, there is a body of prior knowledge about risk management and oversight policy for other technolo-gies that have already permeated society. Here, we describe two ways in which prospective oversight policy analysis for emerging technologies can draw upon these past experiences. One involves comparing specific products that have already been marketed to similar prod-ucts of the emerging technology (cognate-product approach). The other treats the emerging technology as a body of products and methods and relates it to another technological field that has already emerged and penetrated markets (whole-technology approach). In this ar-ticle, we describe our work using these approaches to inform risk and oversight policy for nanotechnology and its products. We draw parallels between biotechnology and nanotech-nology as whole fields of development and also between genetically engineered organisms in the food supply and agricultural products of nanotechnology. Through these comparisons, we find that both approaches to historical learning have value and present lessons that could be applied to nanotechnology.
机译：新兴技术是由其新颖性来定义的，因此在确定适当的方法来管理与之相关的风险时会伴随着很大的不确定性。然而，对于已经渗透到社会中的其他技术，存在关于风险管理和监督政策的大量先验知识。在这里，我们描述了两种可以利用新兴技术的前瞻性监督政策分析的方法。其中之一是将已经上市的特定产品与新兴技术的类似产品（同类产品方法）进行比较。另一个将新兴技术视为产品和方法的主体，并将其与另一个已经出现并渗透市场的技术领域（全技术方法）联系起来。在本文章中，我们将使用这些方法描述我们的工作，以告知纳米技术及其产品的风险和监督政策。我们将生物技术和纳米技术作为整个发展领域之间的相似之处，也将食品供应和纳米技术的农产品中的基因工程生物之间的相似之处。通过这些比较，我们发现历史学习的两种方法都有其价值，并提供了可应用于纳米技术的课程。

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