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The Symmetry Rule: A Seven-year Study Of Symptoms And Explanatory Labels Among Gulf War Veterans

机译：对称规则：海湾战争退伍军人症状和解释性标签的七年研究

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摘要

Noticing medical symptoms can cause one to search for explanatory labels such as "ate bad food" or even "exposed to anthrax," and perhaps these labels may cause new symptom reports. The present study examined whether there is empirical support for this symptom-label "symmetry rule." We interviewed veterans (N = 362) from the Gulf War Registry in 1995 and 2002 about their medical symptoms and about their exposure to war-related hazards and stressors. Health symptom reports were strongly correlated between the two time periods and showed relatively stable mean levels, whereas recall of war-related exposures was notably unstable. Veterans starting with fewer medical symptoms recalled fewer war-related exposures seven years later. Initial recollection of chemical and biological warfare exposure (but not other exposures) longitudinally predicted novel medical symptoms. The findings generally support the symmetry rule hypotheses, although the evidence for the label to symptom link was less strong. The findings account for some variability in symptoms and exposure recall over time, but they do not, on their own, account for the Gulf War veterans' elevated number of unexplained medical symptoms.
机译：注意医学症状可能会导致人们搜索解释性标签，例如“吃不好的食物”甚至“暴露于炭疽”，并且这些标签可能会引起新的症状报告。本研究检查了此症状标签“对称规则”是否有经验支持。我们采访了1995年和2002年海湾战争登记处的退伍军人（N = 362），他们的医疗症状以及与战争相关的危害和压力源的暴露程度。健康症状报告在两个时间段之间密切相关，并显示相对稳定的平均水平，而与战争有关的暴露的召回明显不稳定。从较少的医学症状入手的退伍军人在7年后就减少了与战争有关的接触。最初对化学和生物战暴露（但不是其他暴露）的回忆，纵向预测了新的医学症状。这些发现通常支持对称规则假设，尽管将标签与症状联系起来的证据不那么牢固。这些发现说明了症状和暴露时间随时间推移而有所变化，但它们本身并不能说明海湾战争退伍军人无法解释的医疗症状数量增加的原因。

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