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首页> 外文期刊>Risk analysis >Assessment of Inhalation Exposures and Potential Health Risks to the General Population that Resulted from the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers
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Assessment of Inhalation Exposures and Potential Health Risks to the General Population that Resulted from the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers

机译：评估世界贸易中心大楼倒塌对一般人群的吸入暴露和潜在的健康风险

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In the days following the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11, 2001 (9/11), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated numerous air monitoring activities to better understand the ongoing impact of emissions from that disaster. Using these data, EPA conducted an inhalation exposure and human health risk assessment to the general population. This assessment does not address exposures and potential impacts that could have occurred to rescue workers, firefighters, and other site workers, nor does it address exposures that could have occurred in the indoor environment. Contaminants evaluated include particulate matter (PM), metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, asbestos, volatile organic compounds, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, silica, and synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs). This evaluation yielded three principal findings. (1) Persons exposed to extremely high levels of ambient PM and its components, SVFs, and other contaminants during the collapse of the WTC towers, and for several hours afterward, were likely to be at risk for acute and potentially chronic respiratory effects. (2) Available data suggest that contaminant concentrations within and near ground zero (GZ) remained significantly elevated above background levels for a few days after 9/11. Because only limited data on these critical few days were available, exposures and potential health impacts could not be evaluated with certainty for this time period. (3) Except for inhalation exposures that may have occurred on 9/11 and a few days afterward, the ambient air concentration data suggest that persons in the general population were unlikely to suffer short-term or long-term adverse health effects caused by inhalation exposures. While this analysis by EPA evaluated the potential for health impacts based on measured air concentrations, epidemiological studies conducted by organizations other than EPA have attempted to identify actual impacts. Such studies have identified respiratory effects in worker and general populations, and developmental effects in newborns whose mothers were near GZ on 9/11 or shortly thereafter. While researchers are not able to identify specific times and even exactly which contaminants are the cause of these effects, they have nonetheless concluded that exposure to WTC contaminants (and/or maternal stress, in the case of developmental effects) resulted in these effects, and have identified the time period including 9/11 itself and the days and few weeks afterward as a period of most concern based on high concentrations of key pollutants in the air and dust.
机译：在2001年9月11日世界贸易中心（WTC）塔楼倒塌（9/11）之后的几天里，美国环境保护署（EPA）发起了许多空气监测活动，以更好地了解该灾难所产生的排放物的持续影响。 EPA使用这些数据对一般人群进行了吸入暴露和人类健康风险评估。该评估未解决救援人员，消防员和其他现场工作人员可能遭受的暴露和潜在影响，也未解决在室内环境中可能发生的暴露。评估的污染物包括颗粒物（PM），金属，多氯联苯，二恶英，石棉，挥发性有机化合物，颗粒结合的多环芳烃，二氧化硅和合成玻璃纤维（SVF）。该评估得出三个主要发现。 （1）在WTC塔楼倒塌期间以及之后数小时内，暴露于极高水平的PM及其成分，SVF和其他污染物的人员可能有急性和潜在的慢性呼吸作用的风险。 （2）现有数据表明，地面零（GZ）内和附近的污染物浓度在9/11之后的几天内仍显着高于背景水平。由于在这关键的几天内只有有限的数据可用，因此无法确定此时间段内的暴露量和潜在的健康影响。 （3）除了可能在9/11及以后几天发生的吸入暴露外，环境空气浓度数据表明，普通人群中的人不太可能遭受吸入引起的短期或长期不良健康影响曝光。尽管EPA的分析是根据测得的空气浓度评估对健康的潜在影响，但EPA以外的组织进行的流行病学研究仍试图确定实际影响。这样的研究已经确定了对工人和普通人群的呼吸作用，以及对母亲在9/11或之后不久在GZ附近的新生儿的发育影响。尽管研究人员无法确定具体时间，甚至无法确切确定是哪些污染物导致了这些影响，但他们得出的结论是，暴露于WTC污染物（和/或母体压力，对于发育影响）会导致这些影响，并且基于空气和粉尘中关键污染物的高浓度，我们已经确定了包括9/11本身在内的时间段以及此后的几天和几周，这是最令人担忧的时间段。

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