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Approximations and Heuristics for the 'Cause-Modified' Life Table

机译:“因果修正”寿命表的近似和启发式

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Life-table analysis can help to gauge the lifetime impacts that accrue from modifications to (age-specific) baseline mortality. Modifications of interest include those stemming from risk-factor-related exposures or from interventions. The specific algorithm used in these analyses can be called a cause-modified life table (a generalization of the cause-deleted life table). The author presents an approach for approximating that algorithm and uses it to obtain remarkably simplified expressions for approximating three indices of common interest: life-years lost (LYL), excess lifetime risk ratio (ELRR), and risk of exposure-induced death (REID). These efforts are restricted to the special case of multiplicative increases to baseline mortality (modeled as an excess rate ratio, ERR). The simplified expressions effectively "break open" what is often treated as a "black-box" calculation. Several insights result. For a practical range of risk factor impacts (ERRs), each index can be related to the ERR as a function of a baseline summary statistic and a "characteristic number" specific to the population and cause of interest. Conveniently, those numbers help form "rules of thumb" for translating among the three indices and suggest heuristics for extrapolating indices across populations and causes of death.
机译:生命表分析可以帮助评估因修改(特定年龄)基线死亡率而产生的生命周期影响。感兴趣的修改包括那些源自与风险因素相关的暴露或干预的修改。这些分析中使用的特定算法可以称为原因修改寿命表(原因删除寿命表的概括)。作者提出了一种近似该算法的方法,并使用它来获得显着简化的表达式,用于近似三个共同感兴趣的指标:生命年损失(LYL),超生风险比(ELRR)和暴露诱发的死亡风险(REID) )。这些努力仅限于基线死亡率成倍增加的特殊情况(建模为超额比率ERR)。简化的表达式有效地“打破了”通常被视为“黑匣子”的计算。得出一些见解。对于实际范围的风险因素影响(ERR),可以将每个指数与ERR相关,作为基线摘要统计量和特定于人群和关注原因的“特征数”的函数。方便地,这些数字有助于形成“经验法则”,以便在这三个指标之间进行翻译,并提出启发式的方法,以推算跨人群和死亡原因的指标。

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