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A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Retrofitting Diesel Vehicles with Particulate Filters in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

机译：墨西哥城都市圈加装颗粒过滤器的柴油车的成本效益分析

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摘要

In the Mexico City metropolitan area, poor air quality is a public health concern. Diesel vehicles contribute significantly to the emissions that are most harmful to health. Harmful diesel emissions can be reduced by retrofitting vehicles with one of several technologies, including diesel particulate filters. We quantified the social costs and benefits, including health benefits, of retrofitting diesel vehicles in Mexico City with catalyzed diesel particulate filters, actively regenerating diesel particulate filters, or diesel oxidation catalysts, either immediately or in 2010, when capital costs are expected to be lower. Retrofit with either type of diesel particulate filter or an oxidation catalyst is expected to provide net benefits to society beginning immediately and in 2 At current prices, retrofit with an oxidation catalyst provides greatest net benefits. However, as capital costs decrease, retrofit with diesel particulate filters is expected to provide greater net benefits. In both scenarios, retrofit of older, dirtier vehicles that circulate only within the city provides greatest benefits, and retrofit with oxidation catalysts provides greater health benefits per dollar spent than retrofit with particulate filters. Uncertainty about the magnitude of net benefits of a retrofit program is significant. Results are most sensitive to values used to calculate benefits, such as the concentration-response coefficient, intake fraction (a measure of exposure), and the monetary value of health benefits.
机译：在墨西哥城大都会地区，空气质量差是公共卫生问题。柴油车辆对最有害健康的排放做出了重大贡献。通过使用包括柴油机微粒过滤器在内的多种技术之一对车辆进行改装，可以减少有害的柴油机排放。我们量化了在墨西哥城立即或在2010年用催化柴油颗粒过滤器改造柴油车辆，积极再生柴油颗粒过滤器或柴油氧化催化剂的社会成本和收益，包括健康收益，当时预计资本成本会降低。立即或从2开始，无论是使用柴油机微粒滤清器还是使用氧化催化剂进行改造，都将为社会带来净收益。按当前价格，使用氧化催化剂进行改造将带来最大的净收益。但是，随着资本成本的降低，柴油颗粒过滤器的改造有望带来更大的净收益。在这两种情况下，仅在城市内流通的较旧，较脏的车辆的改造都能带来最大的好处，而氧化催化剂的改造每花费一美元，就会比微粒过滤器的改造带来更大的健康效益。改造计划的净收益大小不确定性很大。结果对用于计算福利的值最为敏感，例如浓度响应系数，摄入分数（暴露量）和健康福利的货币价值。

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