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Thinking Aloud about Trust: A Protocol Analysis of Trust in Risk Management

机译：大声思考信任：风险管理中的信任协议分析

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摘要

There are two general theories of trust in risk management. One, derived from normative considerations, claims that trust is based on universally applicable factors such as fairness and objectivity. According to the second, social-psychological theory, trust is based on agreement or similarity and is context specific. Although the first theory is normative, it also claims, along with the second, to be a descriptive account of how trust judgments are made. The present study was designed to test the adequacy of these two theories by using a think-aloud procedure to examine the thinking associated with trust judgments in an experimental simulation of a typical risk management context. Contrary to the universalist theory, results supported two hypotheses derived from the social-psychological theory. First, study participants―who read brief policy statements designed to address global climate change―based their trust judgments on specific forms of agreement, ranging from agreement on the importance of the issue to agreement on values inferred from the policy statement. Second, the extent and depth of participants' conscious information processing was negatively related to the level of trust. Disagreement and distrust generated more conscious consideration than agreement and trust. These results provide a more detailed understanding than previously available of how trust in risk management is based on local forms of agreement that vary across people, contexts, and time.
机译：风险管理有两种通用的信任理论。一种来自规范性考虑，声称信任建立在普遍适用的因素之上，例如公平和客观。根据第二种社会心理学理论，信任是基于共识或相似性的，并且是针对特定上下文的。尽管第一种理论是规范性的，但它也声称与第二种理论一起描述了如何做出信任判断。本研究旨在通过在典型的风险管理环境下进行的实验模拟中，使用“思考方式”程序来检查与信任判断相关的思维，从而检验这两种理论的充分性。与普遍主义理论相反，结果支持了来自社会心理学理论的两个假设。首先，研究参与者（阅读了旨在解决全球气候变化的简短政策声明）基于特定协议形式的信任判断，范围从对问题重要性的共识到对政策声明中推定的价值观的共识。其次，参与者意识信息处理的程度和深度与信任程度负相关。分歧和不信任比达成协议和信任产生了更自觉的考虑。这些结果提供了比以前更详细的理解，即对风险管理的信任如何基于因人，环境和时间而异的本地协议形式的信任。

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