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Estimating Contaminant Dose for Intermittent Dermal Contact: Model Development, Testing, and Application

机译：估算间歇性皮肤接触的污染物剂量：模型开发，测试和应用

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Assessments of aggregate exposure to pesticides and other surface contamination in residential environments are often driven by assumptions about dermal contacts. Accurately predicting cumulative doses from realistic skin contact scenarios requires characterization of exposure scenarios, skin surface loading and unloading rates, and contaminant movement through the epidermis. In this article we (1) develop and test a finite-difference model of contaminant transport through the epidermis; (2) develop archetypal exposure scenarios based on behavioral data to estimate characteristic loading and unloading rates; and (3) quantify 24-hour accumulation below the epidermis by applying a Monte Carlo simulation of these archetypal exposure scenarios. The numerical model, called Transient Transport through the epiDERMis (TTDERM), allows us to account for variable exposure times and time between exposures, temporal and spatial variations in skin and compound properties, and uncertainty in model parameters. Using TTDERM we investigate the use of a macro-activity parameter (cumulative contact time) for predicting daily (24-hour) integrated uptake of pesticides during complex exposure scenarios. For characteristic child behaviors and hand loading and unloading rates, we find that a power law represents the relationship between cumulative contact time and cumulative mass transport through the skin. With almost no loss of reliability, this simple relationship can be used in place of the more complex micro-activity simulations that require activity data on one- to five-minute intervals. The methods developed in this study can be used to guide dermal exposure model refinements and exposure measurement study design.
机译：对居住环境中农药与其他表面污染物的总暴露量的评估通常是由有关皮肤接触的假设驱动的。根据实际的皮肤接触情况准确预测累积剂量需要表征暴露情况，皮肤表面加载和卸载速率以及污染物通过表皮的移动。在本文中，我们（1）建立并测试污染物通过表皮的有限差分模型； （2）根据行为数据开发原型暴露场景，以估计特征加载和卸载速率； （3）通过对这些原型暴露场景进行蒙特卡洛模拟来量化表皮下24小时的积累。通过EpiDERMis（TTDERM）进行瞬态传输的数值模型使我们能够解释可变的曝光时间和两次曝光之间的时间，皮肤和化合物特性的时空变化以及模型参数的不确定性。使用TTDERM，我们研究了使用宏观活性参数（累积接触时间）来预测复杂暴露场景下每天（24小时）农药的综合吸收量。对于特征性的儿童行为以及手的上落速度，我们发现幂定律代表了累积接触时间与累积质量通过皮肤的运输之间的关系。在几乎不损失可靠性的情况下，可以使用这种简单的关系代替更复杂的微活动模拟，该模拟需要每隔一到五分钟的活动数据。本研究中开发的方法可用于指导皮肤暴露模型的改进和暴露测量研究设计。

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