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Allee Effects and the Risk of Biological Invasion

机译:阿利效应和生物入侵的风险

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The Allee effect is a nonlinear phenomenon exhibited in the population dynamics of sparse populations in which the per capita population growth rate increases with increasing population density. In sufficiently sparse populations, the Allee effect may lead to extinction and is known to generate a threshold in the probability of establishment when presented as a function of introduced population size or density. As introduced populations are generally small, Allee effects are probably common in biological invasions and their consideration is necessary for accurately assessing the risk of invasion by many species, including all sexually reproducing species. Bythotrephes longimanus, an invasive, freshwater, cladoceran zooplankter from Europe, is one such species. Here, I review a previously published model of the Allee effect for continuously sexually reproducing species. Then, I develop a new model for seasonally parthenogenetic species such as Bythotrephes, and thereby demonstrate the potential consequences of Allee effects. This result underscores the importance of considering nonlinear phenomena, including thresholds, when conducting risk analysis for biological introductions.
机译:Allee效应是稀疏人口的种群动态中表现出的一种非线性现象,其中人均人口增长率随着人口密度的增加而增加。在足够稀疏的种群中,Allee效应可能会导致物种灭绝,并且当其表现为引入种群数量或密度的函数时,会在确定建立概率方面产生阈值。由于引进的种群通常很小,Allee效应可能在生物入侵中很常见,因此需要进行考虑以准确评估许多物种(包括所有有性繁殖物种)入侵的风险。来自欧洲的一种侵入性淡水锁骨角游动者Bythotrephes longimanus就是其中一种。在这里,我回顾了先前发表的连续性繁殖物种的Allee效应模型。然后,我为季节性孤雌生殖物种(例如Bythotrephes)开发了一个新模型,从而证明了Allee效应的潜在后果。该结果强调了在进行生物引入的风险分析时考虑非线性现象(包括阈值)的重要性。

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