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Explicating Experience: Development of a Valid Scale of Past Hazard Experience for Tornadoes

机译：经验丰富：制定有效的龙卷风过去危险经验量表

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摘要

People's past experiences with a hazard theoretically influence how they approach future risks. Yet, past hazard experience has been conceptualized and measured in wide-ranging, often simplistic, ways, resulting in mixed findings about its relationship with risk perception. This study develops a scale of past hazard experiences, in the context of tornadoes, that is content and construct valid. A conceptual definition was developed, a set of items were created to measure one's most memorable and multiple tornado experiences, and the measures were evaluated through two surveys of the public who reside in tornado-prone areas. Four dimensions emerged of people's most memorable experience, reflecting their awareness of the tornado risk that day, their personalization of the risk, the intrusive impacts on them personally, and impacts experienced vicariously through others. Two dimensions emerged of people's multiple experiences, reflecting common types of communication received and negative emotional responses. These six dimensions are novel in that they capture people's experience across the timeline of a hazard as well as intangible experiences that are both direct and indirect. The six tornado experience dimensions were correlated with tornado risk perceptions measured as cognitive-affective and as perceived probability of consequences. The varied experience-risk perception results suggest that it is important to understand the nuances of these concepts and their relationships. This study provides a foundation for future work to continue explicating past hazard experience, across different risk contexts, and for understanding its effect on risk assessment and responses.
机译：人们过去对危险的经历从理论上影响了他们应对未来风险的方式。但是，过去的危险经验已经以广泛的，通常是简单的方式进行了概念化和度量，导致关于其与风险感知之间的关系的结论不一。这项研究在龙卷风的背景下建立了过去危害经验的量表，其内容和结构是有效的。制定了概念定义，创建了一组项目来衡量一个人最难忘的和多次龙卷风经历，并通过对龙卷风多发地区居民的两次调查评估了这些措施。人们最难忘的经历出现了四个方面，反映了人们对当天龙卷风风险的认识，对风险的个性化，对个人的侵入性影响以及通过他人的替代经历的影响。人们的多种体验出现了两个维度，反映了收到的常见交流类型和负面情绪反应。这六个维度是新颖的，因为它们可以捕捉人们在危害时间轴上的经验以及直接和间接的无形经验。六个龙卷风体验维度与龙卷风风险感知相关联，衡量的是认知情感和后果的感知概率。各种体验风险感知结果表明，重要的是要了解这些概念及其关系的细微差别。这项研究为将来的工作提供了基础，以便在不同的风险环境中继续阐述过去的危害经验，并了解其对风险评估和响应的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Risk analysis》 |2018年第9期|1921-1943|共23页
  • 作者

    Demuth Julie L.;

  • 作者单位

    Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Experience; risk perception; tornadoes;

    机译：经验;风险感知;龙卷风;

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