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Anticipating or Accommodating to Public Concern? Risk Amplification and the Politics of Precaution Reexamined

机译：预期或适应公众关注？风险放大和预防政治重新审查

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Regulatory use of the precautionary principle (PP) tends to be broadly characterized either as a responsible approach for safeguarding against health and environmental risks in the face of scientific uncertainties, or as state mismanagement driven by undue political bias and public anxiety. However, the anticipatory basis upon which governments variably draw a political warrant for adopting precautionary measures often remains ambiguous. Particularly, questions arise concerning whether the PP is employed preemptively by political elites from the top down, or follows from more conventional democratic pressures exerted by citizens and other stakeholders from the bottom up. This article elucidates the role and impact of citizen involvement in the precautionary politics shaping policy discourse surrounding the U.K. government's precautionary approach to mobile telecommunications technology and health. A case study is presented that critically reexamines the basis upon which U.K. government action has been portrayed as an instance of anticipatory policy making. Findings demonstrate that the use of the PP should not be interpreted in the preemptive terms communicated by U.K. government officials alone, but also in relation to the wider social context of risk amplification and images of public concern formed adaptively in antagonistic precautionary discourse between citizens, politicians, industry, and the media, which surrounded cycles of government policy making. The article discusses the sociocultural conditions and political dynamics underpinning public influence on government anticipation and responsiveness exemplified in this case, and concludes with research and policy implications for how society subsequently comes to terms with the emergence and precautionary governance of new technologies under conflict.
机译：预防性原则（PP）的监管使用往往被广泛地描述为在科学不确定性面前预防健康和环境风险的负责任方法，或由于过度的政治偏见和公众焦虑而导致的国家管理不善。但是，政府为采取预防措施而多变地发出政治保证的预期基础经常仍然是模棱两可的。特别是，产生了以下问题：PP是由上至下的政治精英抢先使用，还是由自下而上的公民和其他利益相关者施加的更常规的民主压力所引起。本文阐明了公民参与英国政府针对移动电信技术和健康采取预防措施的预防性政治塑造政策话语的作用和影响。提出了一个案例研究，批判性地重新审视了将英国政府行动描绘为预期政策制定实例的基础。研究结果表明，不应仅以英国政府官员传达的先发制人的方式来解释对PP的使用，而应与更广泛的社会风险放大背景以及在公民，政治人物之间的对抗性预防性话语中适应性地形成的公众关注的图像有关，行业和媒体，这些都围绕着政府决策周期。本文讨论了社会文化条件和政治动力，这些因素在这种情况下体现了公众对政府的预期和响应能力的影响，并以研究和政策意义作为结论，探讨了社会随后如何应对冲突中新技术的出现和预防性治理。

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