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首页> 外文期刊>Risk analysis >Is Food Irrigated with Oilfield-Produced Water in the California Central Valley Safe to Eat? A Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment Evaluating Trace Metals Exposure
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Is Food Irrigated with Oilfield-Produced Water in the California Central Valley Safe to Eat? A Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment Evaluating Trace Metals Exposure

机译：食物是否用油田生产的水在加州中央山谷安全吃饭？ 评估痕量金属暴露的概率人体健康风险评估

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摘要

Reuse of oilfield-produced water (OPW) for crop irrigation has the potential to make a critical difference in the water budgets of highly productive but drought-stressed agricultural watersheds. This is the first peer-reviewed study to evaluate how trace metals in OPW used to irrigate California crops may affect human health. We modeled and quantified risks associated with consuming foods irrigated with OPW using available concentration data. The probabilistic risk assessment simulated OPW metal concentrations, crop uptake, human exposures, and potential noncancer and carcinogenic health effects. Overall, our findings indicate that there is a low risk of ingesting toxic amounts of metals from the consumption of tree nuts, citrus, grapes, and root vegetables irrigated with low-saline OPW. Results show increased arsenic cancer risk (at 10(-6)) for adult vegetarians, assuming higher consumption of multiple foods irrigated with OPW that contain high arsenic concentrations. All other cancer risks are below levels of concern and all noncancer hazards are far below levels of concern. Arsenic risk concerns could be mitigated by practices such as blending high-arsenic OPW. Future risk assessment research should model the risks of organic compounds in OPW, as our study focused on inorganic compounds. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that low-saline OPW may provide a safe and sustainable alternative irrigation water source if water quality is adequately monitored and blended as needed prior to irrigation.
机译：为作物灌溉的油田生产的水（OPW）的再利用有可能对高生产率但干旱的农业流域的水预算产生危重差异。这是第一个评估用于灌溉加州作物的OPW中的痕量金属可能影响人类健康的同行评审研究。我们使用可用的浓度数据建模和量化与消费食品相关的风险，使用可用的浓度数据灌溉。概率风险评估模拟OPW金属浓度，作物摄取，人体暴露以及潜在的非癌症和致癌健康效应。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，从灌溉的树脂，柑橘，葡萄和用低盐水OPW灌溉的根蔬菜的消费中摄取有毒量的毒性量的风险很低。结果显示成人素食的砷癌风险增加（10（-6）），假设含有高砷浓度的OPW灌溉的多种食物的较高消耗。所有其他癌症风险低于关注程度，所有非癌症危害远远低于关注程度。砷风险问题可以通过诸如共混高砷OPW等实践来缓解。由于我们的研究重点是无机化合物，因此，未来风险评估研究应根据我们的研究模拟OPW中有机化合物的风险。然而，我们的研究结果表明，如果在灌溉前根据需要充分监测和混合水质，则低盐水OPW可以提供安全可持续的替代灌溉水源。

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