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Badanie właściwości oscylatora pierścieniowego w temperaturze 77 K

机译:在77 K下测试环形振荡器的性能

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W artykule przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentów, w których testowano działanie oscylatora pierścieniowego zaimplementowanego w układach reprogramowalnych. Analizowano właściwości opóźniające inwerterów zaprogramowanych w strukturze CPLD układów XC2C32 (Xilinx). W temperaturze otoczenia (300 K) i w temperaturze ciekłego azotu (77 K), badano zdolność do generacji drgań, stałość częstotliwości oscylatora (na podstawie pomiarów średniookresowych), wpływ zmian napięcia zasilania na częstotliwość oscylacji.%In this paper the results of experiments with a ring oscillator implemented in programmable devices (XC2C32 Xilinx) are presented. The examined devices were immersed in a Dewar flask (Fig. 1) with liquid nitrogen. It was found out that the ring oscillator (composed of 11 gates) (Fig. 2) still worked properly in such low temperature. According to the theory of silicon semiconductors, the activity of carriers increases in low temperatures, so there was expected decrease in the propagation delay for every gate and increase in the oscillation frequency. The output frequency was measured and the average propagation time for inverters was calculated. The results at 77 K (temperature of liquid nitrogen) were compared with those at 300 K (room temperature) (Tab. 1). The output frequency characteristics versus the supply voltage for the examined devices were measured and drawn (Figs. 3 and 4). The quadric polynominal functions which fit these nonlinear characteristics were proposed. The relative change of the oscillation frequency versus the supply voltage is shown in Fig. 5. The frequency sensitivity depends both on supply voltage and temperature. The relative sensitivity (normalized) in relation to the voltage at 300 K and 77 K is presented in Fig. 6. Based on the results from 24-hour measurements (86400 samples were collected) the frequency stability was determined. The average value and standard deviation value were calculated (Tab. 2) but first and foremost there was calculated and plotted the Allan deviation (Fig- 7).
机译:本文介绍了实验结果,其中对在可重编程系统中实现的环形振荡器的工作进行了测试。分析了在XC2C32(Xilinx)系统的CPLD结构中编程的逆变器的延迟特性。在环境温度(300 K)和液氮温度(77 K)下,检查了产生振动的能力,振荡器的频率稳定性(基于中期测量结果),电源电压变化对振荡频率的影响。介绍了在可编程器件(XC2C32 Xilinx)中实现的环形振荡器。将被检查的设备浸入装有液氮的杜瓦瓶中(图1)。结果发现,在如此低的温度下,环形振荡器(由11个门组成)(图2)仍然可以正常工作。根据硅半导体理论,载流子的活性在低温下会增加,因此可以预期每个栅极的传播延迟会减少,振荡频率也会增加。测量输出频率,并计算逆变器的平均传播时间。将在77 K(液氮温度)下的结果与在300 K(室温)下的结果进行了比较(表1)。测量并绘制了所检查设备的输出频率特性与电源电压的关系(图3和4)。提出了适合这些非线性特征的二次多项式函数。振荡频率与电源电压的相对变化如图5所示。频率灵敏度取决于电源电压和温度。相对于300 K和77 K电压的相对灵敏度(标准化)如图6所示。基于24小时测量的结果(收集了86400个样品),确定了频率稳定性。计算平均值和标准偏差值(表2),但首先计算最重要的值,并绘制Allan偏差(图7)。

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