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首页> 外文期刊>Russian journal of marine biology >Divergence of the seasonal races of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum, 1792, in the Amur and Poronai rivers: Ecology, genetics, and morphology
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Divergence of the seasonal races of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum, 1792, in the Amur and Poronai rivers: Ecology, genetics, and morphology

机译：1792年在阿穆尔河和波罗奈河中的鲑科鲑（Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum）的季节性种族的差异：生态，遗传和形态

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The chum salmon of the Amur River (the mainland part of the Far East) and the Poronai River (Terpeniya Bay, Sakhalin Island) are historically related to one another, as the drainage basins of these rivers are the remnants of a formerly single river system, the Paleoamur, which existed when Sakhalin Island was a part of the continent. Both river populations of chum salmon consist of the early-run and late-run ecological forms (seasonal races), which are also referred to as the summer and autumn races. They are reproductively isolated from each other due to their spawning at different times and in different types of spawning grounds. To assess the direction, pattern, and degree of divergence between these chum salmon races in the both river fragments since the Paleoamur, it is necessary to compare them using two types of traits: selectively neutral DNA markers and morphological and physiological traits, variations in which may have an adaptive value. For this, we have studied chum salmon from both rivers in terms of microsatellite DNA markers, body counts and measurements, body weight, and fecundity. Both in the Amur River and in the Poronai River, the autumn race of chum salmon prevails over the summer race in body length and weight, fecundity, number of pyloric caeca, and several other meristic traits. The intra-basin differences between the races are much more pronounced in the Amur chum salmon. The inter-race differences in microsatellites are also greater in the Amur chum salmon compared to the Poronai chum salmon. Using microsatellites, three levels of differentiation have been revealed: (1) between the basins of the Amur and Poronai rivers, (2) between the races within each of the river basins, (3) and between population samples within each race of each basin. A hypothesis is proposed that the currently existing races of chum salmon in the Amur and Poronai rivers have evolved since the breakup of the Paleoamur, and the intra-basin divergence of the races started in the Amur River earlier than in the Poronai River. An analysis of our own data and the published data suggests that the adaptation of the seasonal races of chum salmon to the conditions of their spawning grounds is determined by a complex of morphological and physiological traits, including the number of pyloric caeca, which is an adaptive and highly heritable trait associated with the incubation temperature of the water.
机译：阿穆尔河（远东大陆部分）和波罗奈河（萨哈林岛的特佩尼耶湾）的鲑鱼在历史上是相互关联的，因为这些河流的流域是以前单一河流系统的残留物，古埃及人，在萨哈林岛是非洲大陆的一部分时就存在。两种鲑鱼的河口种群都由早期和后期的生态形式（季节性种族）组成，也称为夏季和秋季种族。由于它们在不同的时间和在不同的产卵场中产卵，它们彼此生殖隔离。为了评估自古埃及以来两个河流片段中这些鲑鱼种族之间的方向，格局和差异程度，有必要使用两种类型的特征进行比较：选择性中性DNA标记和形态和生理特征，其中的变异可能具有自适应值。为此，我们根据微卫星DNA标记，体重计数和测量值，体重和繁殖力研究了两条河流中的鲑鱼。无论是在阿穆尔河还是波罗奈河，秋天的鲑鱼种族在身长和体重，繁殖力，幽门盲肠的数量以及其他一些优良特性方面都胜过夏天。不同种族之间的流域内差异在阿穆尔河鲑鱼中更为明显。与Poronai chum鲑相比，Amur chum鲑的微卫星种间差异也更大。利用微卫星，已揭示出三个区分水平：（1）阿穆尔河和波罗奈河的流域之间，（2）每个流域内的种族之间，（3）和每个流域的每个种族内的人口样本之间。提出了一个假设，即自古埃及破裂以来，阿穆尔河和波罗奈河中目前存在的鲑鱼种族发生了演变，而阿穆尔河中的流域内流域差异早于波罗奈河开始。对我们自己的数据和已发表数据的分析表明，成群鲑的季节性种族对产卵场条件的适应性取决于多种形态和生理特征，包括幽门盲肠的数量，这是一种适应性和与水的孵化温度有关的高度可遗传的性状。

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