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首页> 外文期刊>Safe Journal >The Effects of a Combination of Hypoxia and Positive Pressure Breathing on an Indicator of Aircrew Operational Effectiveness
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The Effects of a Combination of Hypoxia and Positive Pressure Breathing on an Indicator of Aircrew Operational Effectiveness

机译：低氧与正压呼吸相结合对机组运行有效性指标的影响

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摘要

In the event of rapid decompression to altitudes in excess of 40,000 feet (12,192 m), 100% oxygen must be supplied to aircrew at a positive pressure in order to prevent hypoxia. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a combination of a given level of normobaric hypoxia (inspired oxygen = 67 mmHg, 8.9 kPa) and / or positive pressure breathing (PPB) (45 mmHg, 6 kPa) on the performance of eight male subjects (22 to 34 years old) using an indicator of operational effectiveness (NASA Multi-Attribute Task Battery). PPB was applied 'through the wall' of the hypobaric chamber. Uniquely, with this experimental set-up, absolute intrapulmonary pressure remains the same whether or not PPB is applied. Two types of lower body counter-pressure protection were applied (standard and full coverage anti-G trousers) in conjunction with a range of pressure ratios established between anti-G trousers and chest counter-pressure garment (1:1 for standard coverage, and 1:1, 1.5:1 and 3:1 for full coverage). PPB at 45 mmHg was found to represent a considerable distraction to Tracking performance (p < 0.00). Hypoxia was also found to impair Tracking scores (p=0.03), and the effects of hypoxia and PPB appeared to be additive (p=0.03). The effect of PPB on Tracking was greater than hypoxia alone (p < 0.00). However, there were no effects of PPB and / or hypoxia on Monitoring performance (p values > 0.05). Physiologically, PPB at 45 mmHg appeared to have a protective effect against the effects of hypoxia, whereby through moderate hyperventilation it lowered end-tidal carbon dioxide. This led to a significant (p < 0.00) rise in end-tidal oxygen compared to hypoxia experienced without PPB.
机译：如果迅速减压到超过40,000英尺（12,192 m）的高度，则必须以正压向机组提供100％的氧气，以防止缺氧。本研究的目的是研究给定水平的常压低氧（吸氧= 67 mmHg，8.9 kPa）和/或正压呼吸（PPB）（45 mmHg，6 kPa）组合对性能的影响。八名男性受试者（22至34岁）使用操作有效性指标（NASA多属性任务电池）。 PPB“通过低压室的壁”应用。独特的是，通过这种实验设置，无论是否使用PPB，绝对肺内压均保持不变。两种类型的下半身反压保护装置（标准和全覆盖抗G裤）与在抗G裤子和胸部反压服装之间建立的一系列压力比（标准覆盖率是1：1，以及1：1、1.5：1和3：1即可完全覆盖）。发现45 mmHg的PPB对跟踪性能有很大的干扰（p <0.00）。还发现缺氧会损害跟踪评分（p = 0.03），而缺氧和PPB的作用似乎是累加的（p = 0.03）。 PPB对跟踪的影响大于单独的缺氧（p <0.00）。但是，PPB和/或低氧对监测性能没有影响（p值> 0.05）。从生理上讲，浓度为45 mmHg的PPB似乎对缺氧具有保护作用，因此通过适度过度换气可以降低潮气末二氧化碳。与没有PPB的低氧相比，这导致潮气末氧显着（p <0.00）升高。

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  • 来源
    《Safe Journal》 |2005年第1期|p.1-7|共7页
  • 作者

    Alasdair J. Mort;

  • 作者单位

    QinetiQ Centre for Human Sciences Farnborough, Hampshire, United Kingdom;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 航空、航天;
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