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首页> 外文期刊>SAM advanced management journal >Industrialization, Urbanization, Globalization and Labor Productivity in China and the United States: A Comparative Analysis
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Industrialization, Urbanization, Globalization and Labor Productivity in China and the United States: A Comparative Analysis

机译：中美工业化，城市化，全球化与劳动生产率的比较分析

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摘要

As the largest developing country in the world, with rapid economic growth, China has witnessed fast-paced industrialization, urbanization, and globalization over the past three decades. China's economic aggregate measured by gross domestic product (GDP) has grown rapidly since 1978. Using single year official exchange rate of the U.S. dollar, Chinas GDP was just 6.34% of that in the United States in 1978, but it increased by 63.11% compared with the United States' GDP in 2017 (World Bank, 2018). The automobile production capacity is considered a significant indicator of the level of industrialization in a country (Zhang, 2010). In 2016, China's automobile output was 29,015,434 units, which was ranked first in the world; automobile output in the United States was 11,189,985 units, second in the world (China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, 2018). However, China's population is four times that of the United States Today, the per capita data for China is still far behind the United States. For example, in 2016, Chinas vehicle ownership was 140 units per 1,000 people, and it was 797 units per 1,000 people in the United States; China's per capita education expenditure was less than one-tenth of that in the United States; its per capita consumption expenditure is only one-third of that in the United States. (Chen, 2018). Therefore, in terms of economic aggregate, China and the United States are in the same order of magnitude, but in terms of per capita economic indicators, they are different (Chen, 2018).
机译：作为世界上最大的发展中国家，随着经济的快速增长，中国在过去的三十年里见证了工业化，城市化和全球化的快速发展。自1978年以来，以国内生产总值（GDP）衡量的中国经济总量迅速增长。使用美元的单年官方汇率，中国的GDP在1978年仅为美国的6.34％，但与之相比却增长了63.11％。与美国在2017年的GDP（世界银行，2018）。汽车生产能力被认为是一个国家工业化水平的重要指标（Zhang，2010）。 2016年，中国汽车产量为29,015,434辆，位居世界第一；美国汽车产量为11,189,985辆，居世界第二（中国汽车工业协会，2018）。但是，中国的人口是美国的四倍。今天，中国的人均数据仍然远远落后于美国。例如，2016年，中国的汽车保有量是每千人140辆，美国是每千人797辆。中国的人均教育支出不到美国的十分之一；它的人均消费支出仅为美国的三分之一。 （陈，2018）。因此，就经济总量而言，中美处于同一数量级，但就人均经济指标而言，它们却不同（Chen，2018）。

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