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INTRODUCTORY NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS by Kulwant S Thind, Manmohan Singh

机译：介绍性核和粒子物理学，作者：Kulwant S Thind，Manmohan Singh

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Modern Nuclear Physics has become a mature subject and therefore, it is enriched with both theoretical insight into the intricate details of the atomic nuclei, their interactions with other nuclei and related numerous experiments to corroborate the theoretical models and their outcome into a solid foundation. Physics of the subject focuses on attempts at explaining the underlying nuclear phenomena spanning across the energy scales from kilo electron Volts (keV), which is the energy scale of average kinetic energy of the particles which burn as fuel of nuclear fusion inside the core of the sun or any star, to Giga electron Volts (GeV), which is the scale of energy of the quarks and gluons forming a new phase of matter called the quark gluon plasma (QGP). At intermediate energy scales around 100s of MeV, the same quarks, through the mediating gluonic field, constitute the nucleons which form a nucleus. At the same token, the involvement of a very important tool, in fact a work-horse of Nuclear Physics, the Accelerator, capable of delivering beams at different energies, finds its extensive use in experimental endeavours of Nuclear Physics in a top-down approach. Modern-day Nuclear Physics research is aimed at understanding the matter composed of quarks and gluons which make up 99% of the mass of the Universe, through their interactions governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Most of this matter is found at the core of atoms, the same atoms that comprise all we see around us, including ourselves. Researchers seek to answer questions such as how the universe evolved just after the Big Bang from a super-hot and dense plasma of quarks and gluons, how the different elements of the universe were formed with varying abundances, how a nucleus is made up of individual protons and neutrons interacting with each other with the strongest force in Nature.
机译：现代核物理已经成为一门成熟的学科，因此，它不仅具有对原子核的复杂细节的理论见解，它们与其他原子核的相互作用以及相关的大量实验以充实理论模型和其结果奠定了坚实的基础。该主题的物理学着重于试图解释跨越千电子伏特（keV）的整个能量尺度的潜在核现象，这是作为核聚变燃料燃烧的核内核的燃料的平均动能的能量尺度。太阳或任何恒星，到达千兆电子伏特（GeV），这是构成夸克胶子等离子体（QGP）的物质新相的夸克和胶子的能量尺度。在大约100 MeV的中间能级上，相同的夸克通过介导的胶子电场构成形成核的核子。同时，一个非常重要的工具的介入，实际上是核物理的主要工具，能够以不同能量传输光束的加速器，以自上而下的方法广泛用于核物理的实验工作中。 。现代核物理研究旨在通过量子色动力学（QCD）控制的相互作用，来理解由夸克和胶子组成的物质，这些物质占宇宙质量的99％。这个问题的大部分发现在原子的核心，即构成我们周围所有事物（包括我们自己）的相同原子。研究人员寻求回答以下问题，例如宇宙大爆炸之后，夸克和胶子的超热稠密等离子体如何演变，宇宙的不同元素如何以不同的丰度形成，原子核如何由单个个体组成质子和中子以自然界中最强的力相互作用。

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  • 来源
    《Science and Culture》 |2017年第6期|175-176|共2页
  • 作者

    Satyajit Saha;

  • 作者单位

    Applied Nuclear Physics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064;

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