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TRANSPARENT CERAMICS

机译：透明陶瓷

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摘要

Light is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that consists of a broad spectrum of wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR). So far as the sense of sight in human eyes is concerned, light is categorized into two groups- the visible part of EMR with wavelength from 400-700 nm that enables human-being to see. EM spectrum shorter (UV) or longer (IR) than the wave lengths of the visible range is invisible. When light interact any material medium, it may undergo several changes along its path, resulting in several optical phenomena to take place. The electronic structure, surface property and microstructure of the medium guide these optical phenomena. The incident energy may partly or fully be lost in certain cases. Light may bounce off any object surface (reflection). Photons of appropriate energy may spontaneously be emitted out when electrons return to the ground state after being promoted to the excited state by absorbing photons of different incoming frequency (luminescence). The incident energy may also scatter because of variation of refractive index within the medium, usually resulted from the presence of impurities, defects, pores and inhomogeneities in the medium. The incident light energy may also be absorbed when the photon energy is equal to the band gap energy of the object. On the other hand, the light wave may move all the way through material (transmission) when the incident light is not lost because of the above reasons. During such process, its speed and direction may differ from one medium to another (refraction), however, the illuminated object can be seen clearly through the material medium.
机译：光是电磁辐射（EMR），由从紫外（UV）到红外（IR）的各种波长的光谱组成。就人眼中的视觉而言，光可分为两类：EMR的可见光部分，其波长范围为400-700 nm，可让人类看到。比可见光范围的波长短（UV）或长（IR）的EM光谱是不可见的。当光与任何物质介质相互作用时，它可能会沿其路径发生多种变化，从而导致发生多种光学现象。介质的电子结构，表面性质和微观结构指导着这些光学现象。在某些情况下，入射能量可能会部分或全部丢失。光线可能会从任何物体表面反射（反射）。当电子通过吸收不同入射频率（发光）的光子被激发到激发态后返回基态时，可以自发发出适当能量的光子。由于介质中折射率的变化（通常是由于介质中存在杂质，缺陷，孔和不均匀性而导致的），入射能量也可能发生散射。当光子能量等于物体的带隙能量时，入射光能量也可能被吸收。另一方面，当由于上述原因而使入射光不损失时，光波可能一直穿过材料（透射）。在此过程中，其速度和方向可能会因一种介质的不同而不同（折射），但是，可以通过材料介质清晰地看到被照物体。

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  • 来源
    《Science and Culture》 |2015年第12期|348-353|共6页
  • 作者

    S. BANDYOPADHYAY; R. HALDER;

  • 作者单位

    CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India;

    CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India;

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