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EVOLUTION OF NUCLEAR FUELS

机译:核燃料的演变

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摘要

Nuclear fuel is the primary energy source for sustaining the nuclear fission chain reactions in a reactor. The fuels in the reactor cores are exposed to highly aggressive environment and varieties of advanced fuel materials with improved nuclear properties are continuously being developed to have optimum performance in the existing core conditions. Fabrications of varieties of nuclear fuels used in diverse forms of reactors are mainly based on two naturally occurring nuclear source elements, uranium as fissile ~235U and fertile ~238U, and thorium as fertile ~232Th species. The two metals in the forms of alloys with specific elements, ceramic oxides like MOX and ceramic non-oxide as mixed carbide and nitride with suitable nuclear properties like higher metal density, thermal conductivity, etc. are used as fuels in different reactor designs. In addition, efficiency of various advanced fuels in the forms of dispersion, molten salt and other types are also under investigations. The countries which have large deposits of thorium but limited reserves of uranium, are trying to give special impetus on the development of thorium-based fuels for both thermal and fast reactors in harnessing nuclear energy for peaceful uses of atomic energy.
机译:核燃料是维持反应堆中核裂变链反应的主要能源。反应堆堆芯中的燃料暴露于高度侵蚀的环境中,并且不断开发各种具有改进核性能的先进燃料材料,以在现有堆芯条件下具有最佳性能。各种反应堆形式使用的各种核燃料的制造主要基于两种天然存在的核源元素,铀为易裂变〜235U和可育〜238U ,,为可育〜232Th物种。具有特定元素的合金形式的两种金属,陶瓷氧化物(如MOX)和陶瓷非氧化物(作为混合碳化物和氮化物),具有合适的核性质,如较高的金属密度,导热性等,在不同的反应堆设计中用作燃料。另外,还正在研究以分散液,熔融盐和其他类型的形式存在的各种先进燃料的效率。那些拥有大量deposit,但是铀储量有限的国家,正试图特别利用热能和快堆的th基燃料,以利用核能和平利用原子能。

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  • 来源
    《Science and Culture》 |2013年第10期|356-368|共13页
  • 作者

    N.R.DAS;

  • 作者单位

    Saha Institue of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata - 700 064. Present Address: P - 60 Green View, Kolkata - 700 084, India;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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