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首页> 外文期刊>Science and Culture >AT THE ROOTS OF PLANT NEUROBIOLOGY: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH OF J.C. BOSE
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AT THE ROOTS OF PLANT NEUROBIOLOGY: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH OF J.C. BOSE

机译：植物神经生物学的根源：J.C。Bose的生物物理研究简史

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Sir J. C. Bose (1858-1937) is perhaps best known for his ingenuity and perspicacity in the field of microwave physics. Many of his inventions, including the first solid state semi-conductor diode, are now devices taken for granted in contemporary microwave technology. Bose turned his attention to the world of plants in the early days of the twentieth century, merging the boundaries of what had been quite separate disciplines, botany and physics, and establishing a nascent field of biophysics. The series of insightful experiments into life-processes of plants he began then would occupy him until his death, produce a prodigious body of published work, and see him transformed from a well-respected physicist into a controversial figure, a maverick, in the west. Seeking unifying principals underlying apparent disparities between animal and plant responses, Bose invented original and ingenious instruments that enabled him to simultaneously measure bioelectric potentials and to quantify very small movements in plants. Bose worked with touch-sensitive plants, including Mimosa pudica, with plants that perform spontaneous movements, such as the Indian telegraph plant Desmodium, as well as with 'ordinary'plants that made no obvious rapid movements.rnThe conclusions he drew from his experiments flew in the face of the emerging Victorian mechanistic materialist philosophy of science. Plants and animals share essentially similar fundamental physiological mechanisms. As do animals, plants co-ordinate their movements and responses to the world through electrical signaling. Rather than belonging to the category of passive automata, to which they had been consigned, Bose argued that plants are sensate, active, intelligent explorers of the world. He identified a fundamental physiological motif that interlinked measured pulsations or oscillations in cellular electric potentials with oscillations in cell turgor pressure, cellular contractility, and growth. All plants respond to the world and to other living things through this pulsatile motif, this electromechanical pulse.rnBose s conclusions that all plants possess a nervous system, a form of intelligence, and a capacity for remembering and learning, was poorly received by prominent electrophysiologists of the time. One hundred and fifty years after Bose s birth, concepts of kin-recognition, complex foraging strategies, intelligence, learning, and long-distance electrical signaling in plants are featured in the mainstream literature. Recent advances in both neurobiology and plant cell biology are uncovering some surprising similarities between plant cells and the neurons of animals. A relatively new discipline, plant neurobiology, now recognises plants as knowledge-accumulating systems that enact many of the same behaviours as do animals, despite lacking eyes, ears, or an obvious brain. Plant neurobiology now aims to understand how plants perceive, remember and process their experiences, coordinating their behaviours via integrated information networks, including molecular, chemical, and electrical levels of signaling.
机译：J. C. Bose爵士（1858-1937）可能以其在微波物理学领域的独创性和敏锐性而闻名。他的许多发明，包括第一个固态半导体二极管，现已成为当代微波技术中理所当然的设备。在20世纪初期，玻色（Bose）将注意力转向了植物世界，融合了本来就很独立的学科，植物学和物理学的界限，并建立了一个新兴的生物物理学领域。随后，他开始了一系列对植物生命过程的深入研究，直到他去世为止，他一直占据着他的位置，产生了大量已发表的著作，并看到他从西方一位受人尊敬的物理学家转变为一个有争议的人物，一个特立独行的人。为了寻求统一的原则，它们是动植物反应之间明显的差异的基础，玻色发明了独创的仪器，使他能够同时测量生物电势并量化植物中很小的运动。玻色曾与包括Mimosa pudica在内的触敏植物，执行自发运动的植物一起工作，例如印度电报植物Desmodium，以及没有明显快速运动的``普通''植物.rn他从实验中得出的结论飞了起来。面对新兴的维多利亚主义机械唯物主义科学哲学。动植物具有基本相似的基本生理机制。与动物一样，植物通过电子信号协调它们对世界的运动和响应。 Bose认为植物不是世界上敏感，积极，聪明的探险家，而不是属于他们所委托的被动自动机。他确定了一个基本的生理基序，该基序将所测得的细胞电势中的脉动或振荡与细胞膨胀压力，细胞收缩力和生长的振荡相互关联。所有植物都通过这种搏动性主题（即机电脉冲）对世界和其他生物做出反应。鲍斯的结论是，所有植物都具有神经系统，一种智力形式以及记忆和学习的能力，但著名的电生理学家对此却很不满意。的时间。玻色病出生一百五十年后，主流文献中就介绍了亲属识别，复杂的觅食策略，智力，学习和植物中长距离电信号传递的概念。神经生物学和植物细胞生物学的最新进展揭示了植物细胞与动物神经元之间的某些惊人相似之处。植物神经生物学是一门相对较新的学科，现在将植物视为知识积累系统，尽管缺乏眼睛，耳朵或明显的大脑，但它们具有与动物一样的许多行为。植物神经生物学现在旨在了解植物如何感知，记忆和处理其经历，并通过综合信息网络（包括信号的分子，化学和电子水平）协调其行为。

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  • 来源
    《Science and Culture》 |2012年第6期|p.196-210|共15页
  • 作者

    V.A. SHEPHERD;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biophysics, School of Physics, The University of NSW. NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia;

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