PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE

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PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE

机译：生理学或医学

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Scientists have long been searching for the gatekeepers of the immune system by which man and other animals defend themselves against attack by bacteria and other microorganisms. Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann discovered receptor proteins that can recognize such microorganisms and activate innate immunity, the first step in the body's immune response. On the other hand, Ralph M Steinman discovered the dendrite cells of the immune system and their unique capacity to activate and regulate adaptive immunity, the later stage of immune response during which microorganisms are cleaned from the body. For these discoveries the trio have been given this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The prize has been divided with one half jointly to Bruce and Jules and the other half to Ralph.

机译：长期以来，科学家一直在寻找免疫系统的守门人，人类和其他动物可以通过这种守卫来抵御细菌和其他微生物的攻击。布鲁斯·贝特勒（Bruce A. Beutler）和朱尔斯·霍夫曼（Jules A. Hoffmann）发现了可以识别此类微生物并激活先天免疫力的受体蛋白，这是人体免疫反应的第一步。另一方面，拉尔夫·斯坦因曼（Ralph M Steinman）发现了免疫系统的树突状细胞及其激活和调节适应性免疫的独特能力，这是免疫应答的后期阶段，在此阶段中，微生物可以从体内清除。由于这些发现，三人获得了今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。该奖项的一半分配给了布鲁斯和朱尔斯，另一半分配给了拉尔夫。

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《Science and Culture》 |2011年第12期|p.526-528|共3页
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