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OBSERVED CHOICES AND UNDERLYING OPPORTUNITIES

机译：观察到的选择和潜在机会

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摘要

Our societies are heterogeneous in many dimensions such as census, education, religion, ethnic and cultural composition. The links between individuals - e.g. by friendship, marriage or collaboration - are not evenly distributed, but rather tend to be concentrated within the same group. This phenomenon, called imbreeding homophily, has been related to either (social) preference for links with own-type individuals (choice-based homophily) or to the prevalence of individuals of her same type in the choice set of an individual (opportunity-based homophily). Choices determine the network of relations we observe whereas opportunities pertain to the composition of the (unobservable) social network individuals are embedded in and out of which their network of relations is drawn. In this view, we propose a method that, in the presence of multiple data, allows one to distinguish between opportunity and choice based homophily. The main intuition is that, with unbiased opportunities, the effect of choice-based homophily gets weaker and weaker as the size of the minority shrinks, because individuals of the minority rarely meet and have the chance to establish links together. The occurrence of homophily in the limit of very small minorities is therefore an indicator of opportunity bias. We test this idea across the dimensions of race and education on data on US marriages, and across race on friendships in US schools.
机译：我们的社会在人口普查，教育，宗教，民族和文化组成等许多方面都是异质的。个人之间的联系-例如通过友谊，婚姻或合作关系-分布不均，而是倾向于集中在同一组中。这种现象称为近亲繁殖，与（社交）偏爱与自己类型的个体的联系（基于选择的同性恋）或与同类型个体在个体选择集中的普遍性（基于机会）有关同质的）。选择决定了我们观察到的关系网络，而与（不可观察到的）社会网络个体组成相关的机会则嵌入和引出了他们的关系网络。在这种观点下，我们提出了一种在存在多个数据的情况下允许人们区分机会和基于同质性的方法。主要的直觉是，在机会不偏不倚的情况下，基于选择的同质性的影响随着少数群体的规模缩小而变得越来越弱，因为少数群体的个体很少见面并有机会建立联系。因此，在很小的少数群体中出现同质性是机会偏差的指标。我们在有关美国婚姻数据的种族和教育层面以及美国学校关于友谊的种族方面进行了测试。

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  • 来源
    《Science and Culture》 |2010年第10期|p.471-476|共6页
  • 作者

    SILVIO FRANZ; MATTEO MARSILI; PAOLO PIN;

  • 作者单位

    Centre scientifique d'Orsay, Universite Paris-Sud 11, France;

    The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34014 Trieste, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Economia Politica, Universita degli Studi di Siena, Piazza San Francesco 7, 53100 Siena, Italy;

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