THE LAWS OF HEAT GO SMALL

Andrew Grant

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THE LAWS OF HEAT GO SMALL

机译：热定律小

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When French engineer Sadi Carnot calculated the maximum efficiency of a heat engine in 1824, he had no idea what heat was. In those days, physicists thought heat was a fluid called caloric. But Carnot, later lauded as a pioneer in establishing the second law of thermodynamics, didn't have to know those particulars, because thermodynamics is insensitive to microscopic details. Heat flows from hot to cold regardless of whether it consists of a fluid or, as it turns out, the collective motion of trillions of trillions of molecules. Thermodynamics, the laws and equations governing energy and its usefulness to do work, concerns itself only with the big picture.

机译：当法国工程师萨迪·卡诺（Sadi Carnot）在1824年计算出热机的最大效率时，他不知道是什么热量。那时，物理学家认为热量是一种称为热量的流体。但是后来被誉为建立热力学第二定律的先锋的卡诺并不需要知道那些细节，因为热力学对微观细节不敏感。热量从热流向冷流，无论它是由流体构成还是由万亿兆分子的集体运动组成。热力学，支配能量及其在工作中的效用的定律和方程式，只涉及大局。

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《Science news》 |2016年第6期|18-21|共4页
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Andrew Grant;
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THE LAWS OF HEAT GO SMALL

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