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首页> 外文期刊>Science and Public Policy >Institutional persistence and the material transformation of the US national labs: The curious story of the advent of the Advanced Photon Source
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Institutional persistence and the material transformation of the US national labs: The curious story of the advent of the Advanced Photon Source

机译：机构的持久性和美国国家实验室的物质转型：高级光子源问世的一个有趣故事

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摘要

The 1990s saw a radical shift in the US investment in large-scale projects along with a shift in the rationale for US support of such projects and the national laboratories which host them. Previously, the largest projects were for the esoteric field of high energy and justifications drew on the Cold War priorities of national security and the cultural benefits of a free society. Starting with Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source, a materials science accelerator, all this changed. From this time forward those promoting large-scale projects instead pointed to more practical considerations in line with the post-Cold-War moral economy valuing entrepreneur-ship and measurable utility. It might seem that change resulted from a direct competition between high energy physicists and materials scientists that was mediated by high-level policy makers in favor of the latter. This case study reveals a much more telling and nuanced story in which science policy was shaped at every turn by the need of the US national laboratories to adapt to a changing social, political, economic, technological and scientific context amidst the underlying desire for institutional persistence.
机译：1990年代，美国对大型项目的投资发生了根本性的转变，同时美国对此类项目及其所在国家实验室的支持理由也发生了转变。以前，最大的项目是针对高能量的深奥领域，其理由是根据冷战时期国家安全和自由社会的文化利益而制定的。从阿贡国家实验室的高级光子源（一种材料科学加速器）开始，这一切都发生了变化。从那时起，那些推动大型项目的人转而根据冷战后道德经济评价企业家的身份和可衡量的效用，指出了更多的实际考虑。这种变化似乎是由高能物理学家与材料科学家之间的直接竞争所导致的，而这种竞争是由高层决策者为后者所调解的。该案例研究揭示了一个更具说服力和细微差别的故事，在该故事中，美国国家实验室在机构持久性的基本愿望中，需要适应美国不断变化的社会，政治，经济，技术和科学环境，从而动shaped制定科学政策。 。

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