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Formation and disappearance of pores in aluminum alloy molten pool under microgravity

机译：微重力下铝合金熔池中孔的形成与消失

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With the start of construction of the international space station, a welding technique in space is becoming essential for the construction and repair of space structures. We now describe the results obtained under microgravity by electron beam welding, which is thought to be the most probable candidate for space welding. The microgravity environments were achieved using the drop-shaft system at the Japan Microgravity Center. The system can produce a microgravity of 10~(-5) G and a duration of 10 s. The sample was an aluminum-copper alloy, 2219, which is commonly used in the aerospace industry. The effective diameter of the electron beam was set at approximately 3 mm in order to prevent the keyhole formation. A significant decrease in the number of the pores in the Al alloys was observed under microgravity. All of the pores smaller than 100 μm disappeared for both microgravity and terrestrial environments. These results indicate that there exists a new bubble formation mechanism, consisting of a reaction between the molten Al and Al_2O_3 forming Al_2O gas, and that the convection due to the Marangoni flow is negligible in an Al molten pool.
机译：随着国际空间站建设的开始，太空焊接技术对于空间结构的建造和维修变得至关重要。现在，我们描述通过电子束焊接在微重力下获得的结果，该结果被认为是空间焊接最可能的候选方法。使用日本微重力中心的落轴系统可以实现微重力环境。该系统可产生10〜（-5）G的微重力，持续时间为10 s。样品是航空业中常用的铝铜合金2219。为了防止钥匙孔的形成，将电子束的有效直径设定为约3mm。在微重力下观察到铝合金中孔的数量显着减少。对于微重力和陆地环境，所有小于100μm的孔都消失了。这些结果表明存在一种新的气泡形成机理，其由熔融的Al和形成Al_2O气体的Al_2O_3之间的反应组成，并且由于Marangoni流引起的对流在Al熔池中可忽略不计。

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