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From the Profound to the Mundane: Questionnaires as Emerging Technologies in Autism Genetics

机译：从深刻到平凡：作为自闭症遗传学新兴技术的问卷调查

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It is widely argued that the final decades of the twentieth century saw a fundamental change, marked by terms such as biomedicalization and geneticization, within the biomedical sciences. What unites these concepts is the assertion that a vast array of emerging technologies-in genomics, bioengineering, information technology, and so forth-are transforming understandings of disease, diagnosis, therapeutics, and working practices. While clearly important, these analyses have been accused of perpetuating theoretical trends that attribute primacy to the new over the old, discontinuity over continuity, and the laboratory over the field. In this paper, I show that in the case of autism, the effects of genomic technologies can only be understood by simultaneously examining the role of questionnaires. Due to shortcomings in clinical diagnoses, genomic analyses could only progress once questionnaires had been developed to address a "reverse salient" within the "technological system." Furthermore, I argue that questionnaires such as the Autism Quotient have a significance that surpasses the genomic classifications they were designed to undergird. I argue that to neglect the role of mundane technologies such as questionnaires in contemporary biomedicine is to miss complexity, bifurcate old and new, and do a disservice to innovation.
机译：人们普遍认为，二十世纪的最后几十年发生了根本性的变化，在生物医学科学领域以生物医学化和遗传学等术语为标志。这些概念的统一是断言，基因组学，生物工程，信息技术等众多新兴技术正在改变人们对疾病，诊断，治疗方法和工作实践的理解。尽管这些分析显然很重要，但它们被指责为将趋势归因于理论趋势，这些趋势将优先性归因于新的，旧的，不连续的，连续的以及实验室。在本文中，我表明，在自闭症的情况下，只有同时检查问卷的作用才能了解基因组技术的作用。由于临床诊断的缺陷，只有开发出针对“技术系统”中“反向显着性”的问卷后，基因组分析才能进行。超过了他们设计的基因组分类。我认为，忽略诸如问卷之类的世俗技术在当代生物医学中的作用是错过复杂性，将新旧事物分叉，并不利于创新。

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