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Citizen Seismology, Stalinist Science, and Vladimir Mannar's Cold Wars

机译：公民地震学，斯大林主义和弗拉基米尔·马纳尔的冷战

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摘要

This essay takes a historical view on "citizen science" by exploring its socialist version via the case of a Soviet amateur seismologist Vladimir Mannar. In the wake of the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, which coincided with Lysenko's victory in his campaign against genetics, Mannar launched an aborted campaign for a participatory "socialist seismology." Mannar co-opted Lysenkoist language of science for the people and gained professional status within professional seismology but was shut out by the experts capitalizing on a "big science" imperative of cold war. Mannar's personal experiences of navigating competing pulls of cold war seismology and his vision of "people's seismology," marginalized within increasingly technical and instrumental cold war science, shed light on oxymoronic nature of citizen science, and the clash between participatory vision of science and an increasing reliance on high-level technical expertise. This case provides a vantage point from which to examine the dual nature of citizen science with its dual loyalties, ambiguities, and the constantly renegotiated status of data-the raison d'etre and the most tangible outcome of the initiatives unfolded on the outer fringes of academic science.
机译：本文以苏联业余地震学家弗拉基米尔·曼纳尔（Vladimir Mannar）为例探讨“公民科学”的社会主义版本，从而对“公民科学”进行了历史考察。 1948年阿什哈巴德（Ashgabat）地震发生后，正好与里森科（Lysenko）在反对遗传学的运动中获胜，曼纳尔（Mannar）为参与性“社会主义地震学”发动了一场失败的运动。马纳尔（Mannar）为人民采用了里森科主义的科学语言，并在专业地震学中获得了专业地位，但由于冷战的“大科学”要旨被专家拒之门外。曼纳尔（Mannar）在应对冷战地震学竞争方面的亲身经历和他对“人民地震学”的认识，在越来越多的技术和工具性冷战科学中被边缘化，阐明了公民科学的矛盾性，以及科学的参与式视野与日益增长的冲突之间的冲突。依靠高级技术专长。这个案例提供了一个有利的起点，从它可以检验公民科学的双重性质，包括其双重忠诚度，模糊性和不断重新协商的数据状态-存在的根源和举措的最切实成果在社会的外围发展学术科学。

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