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首页> 外文期刊>Science, Technology and Human Values >Seeing and Unmaking Civilians in Afghanistan: Visual Technologies and Contested Professional Visions
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Seeing and Unmaking Civilians in Afghanistan: Visual Technologies and Contested Professional Visions

机译：看到和失去阿富汗的平民：视觉技术和有争议的专业视野

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While the distinction between civilians and combatants is fundamental to international law, it is contested and complicated in practice. How do North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) officers see civilians in Afghanistan? Focusing on 2009 air strike in Kunduz, this article argues that the professional vision of NATO officers relies not only on recent military technologies that allow for aerial surveillance, thermal imaging, and precise targeting but also on the assumptions, vocabularies, modes of attention, and hierarchies of knowledges that the officers bring to the interpretation of aerial surveillance images. Professional vision is socially situated and frequently contested with communities of practice. In the case of the Kunduz air strike, the aerial vantage point and the military visual technologies cannot fully determine what would be seen. Instead, the officers’ assumptions about Afghanistan, threats, and the gender of the civilian inform the vocabulary they use for coding people and places as civilian or noncivilian. Civilians are not simply “found,” they are produced through specific forms of professional vision.
机译：平民与战斗人员之间的区别是国际法的基础，但在实践中却存在争议和复杂。北大西洋公约组织（NATO）军官如何看待阿富汗平民？本文以2009年昆杜兹空袭为重点，认为北约军官的职业视野不仅依赖于允许空中监视，热成像和精确瞄准的最新军事技术，还依赖于假设，词汇，注意方式和军官带给空中监视图像解释的知识层次。专业视野处于社会地位，经常与实践社区竞争。在昆杜兹空袭的情况下，空中有利位置和军事视觉技术无法完全确定将要看到的东西。取而代之的是，军官对阿富汗，威胁和平民性别的假设会告诉他们用来将人员和地点编码为平民或非平民的词汇。平民不是简单地被“发现”，而是通过特定形式的专业视野产生的。

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