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Target Practice: Counterterrorism and the Amplification of Data Friction

机译：目标实践：反恐与数据摩擦的加剧

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摘要

The nineteenth-century strategist Carl von Clausewitz describes “fog” and “friction” as fundamental features of war. Military leverage of sophisticated information technology in the twenty-first century has improved some tactical operations but has not lifted the fog of war, in part, because the means for reducing uncertainty create new forms of it. Drawing on active duty experience with an American special operations task force in Western Iraq from 2007 to 2008, this article traces the targeting processes used to “find, fix, and finish” alleged insurgents. In this case they did not clarify the political reality of Anbar province but rather reinforced a parochial worldview informed by the Naval Special Warfare community. The unit focused on the performance of “direct action” raids during a period in which “indirect action” engagement with the local population was arguably more appropriate for the strategic circumstances. The concept of “data friction”, therefore, can be understood not simply as a form of resistance within a sociotechnical system but also as a form of traction that enables practitioners to construct representations of the world that amplify their own biases.
机译：十九世纪战略家卡尔·冯·克劳塞维茨（Carl von Clausewitz）将“雾”和“摩擦”描述为战争的基本特征。在二十一世纪，先进信息技术的军事优势改善了某些战术行动，但并未消除战争迷雾，部分原因是减少不确定性的手段创造了新形式。借鉴2007年至2008年美国驻伊拉克西部特种作战特遣队的现役经验，本文追溯了用于“发现，修复和完成”被指控的叛乱分子的目标程序。在这种情况下，他们没有弄清安巴尔省的政治现实，而是加强了海军特殊战争团体所告知的狭world世界观。该部门的重点是在与当地居民进行“间接行动”接触更适合战略环境的时期内执行“直接行动”袭击。因此，“数据摩擦”的概念不仅可以理解为一种社会技术系统中的抵制形式，而且可以理解为一种牵引力形式，使从业者能够构建一个能够放大自己偏见的世界表征。

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