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首页> 外文期刊>Science, Technology and Human Values >Mind the Gap: Formal Ethics Policies and Chemical Scientists' Everyday Practices in Academia and Industry
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Mind the Gap: Formal Ethics Policies and Chemical Scientists' Everyday Practices in Academia and Industry

机译：注意差距：学术和工业界中的正式伦理政策和化学科学家的日常实践

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Asymmetrical convergence is the increasing overlap between academic and industrial sectors, but with academia moving closer toward for-profit industrial norms than vice versa. Although this concept, developed by Kleinman and Vallas, is useful, processes of asymmetrical convergence in daily laboratory life are largely unexplored. Here, observations of three lab groups of chemical scientists in academic and industry contexts illustrate variation in interactions with ethics-related policies (as defined by the respondents). Findings show more tension for academic science with business-based practices, such as the move toward greater accountability, than for industrial science with academic practices. This asymmetry is evident in the process of purposive decoupling: for example, where academic scientists use humor to distance themselves from the performance of compliance in required reporting and top-down ethics training requirements. This distancing from meaningless requirements (formalism) contrasts with mentoring around practices of professional behavior that are thought to matter (engagement). Convergence is evident in how safety policies seem more engaging than other kinds of policies. Yet, power structures shape engagement. Academic engagement often means rule following, and flows vertically from professor's authority to student apprenticeship. Industry engagement includes collaborative problem solving and flows along a more horizontal peer structure where informal power is less visible.
机译：不对称趋同是学术部门和工业部门之间越来越多的重叠，但是学术界更趋向于营利性工业规范，反之亦然。尽管由Kleinman和Vallas提出的这一概念很有用，但在日常实验室生活中非对称收敛的过程仍未得到充分探索。在这里，在学术和行业背景下对三个化学科学家实验室小组的观察表明，与道德相关政策（由受访者定义）的相互作用存在差异。调查结果表明，与基于学术实践的工业科学相比，采用基于商业实践的学术科学（例如向更大的责任制迈进）的压力更大。这种不对称现象在有目的的脱钩过程中很明显：例如，在学术界科学家利用幽默来使自己远离合规绩效方面的要求，这些合规要求进行报告和自上而下的道德培训要求。远离无意义的要求（形式主义）与围绕重要的专业行为实践（参与）进行指导形成对比。在安全政策看起来比其他政策更具吸引力的过程中，融合是显而易见的。但是，权力结构决定了参与度。学术参与通常意味着遵循规则，并从教授的职权流向学生的学徒制。行业参与包括协作解决问题，并沿着非正式参与者很少可见的更水平的同行结构流动。

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