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Upon Opening the Black Box and Finding It Full: Exploring the Ethics in Design Practices

机译：打开黑匣子并充分发现它之后：探索设计实践中的伦理

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摘要

Contemporary design practices, such as participatory design (PD), human-centered design (HCD), and codesign, have inherent ethical qualities, which often remain implicit and unexamined. Three design projects in the high-tech industry were studied using three ethical traditions as lenses. Virtue ethics helped to understand cooperation, curiosity, creativity, and empowerment as virtues that people in PD need to cultivate, so that they can engage, for example, in mutual learning and collaborative prototyping. Ethics of alter-ity (Levinas and Derrida) helped to understand human-centered design as a fragile encounter between project team members and prospective users, and foregrounds the ethics in these encounters: our tendencies to "grasp the other" and to "program invention." And pragmatist ethics (Dewey) helped to understand codesign as a process of joint inquiry and imagination, involving the organization of iterative processes of problem setting and solution finding, with moral qualities. When we open the "black boxes" of design practices, we find them filled with ethics. Moreover, it is proposed that design practitioners need to make explicit their practices' inherent ethical qualities and that they can do that by embracing reflexivity.
机译：当代设计实践，例如参与式设计（PD），以人为中心的设计（HCD）和代码符号，具有固有的道德品质，而这些品质通常仍然是含蓄的和未经审查的。使用三种道德传统作为镜头，研究了高科技行业的三个设计项目。德性伦理有助于将合作，好奇心，创造力和赋权理解为PD人民需要培养的美德，以便他们可以参与例如相互学习和协作原型设计。变更伦理（列维纳斯和德里达）有助于将以人为中心的设计理解为项目团队成员与潜在用户之间的脆弱接触，并在这些接触中强调了伦理：我们“抓住对方”和“对发明进行编程的倾向” 。”实用主义伦理学（杜威）帮助人们理解代号设计是一个共同的询问和想象的过程，涉及到具有道德素质的问题设置和解决方案发现的迭代过程的组织。当我们打开设计实践的“黑匣子”时，我们发现它们充满了道德。此外，建议设计从业者需要明确其实践的内在道德素质，并可以通过反思来做到这一点。

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