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If Post-Normal Science is the Solution, What is the Problem?: The Politics of Activist Environmental Science

机译：如果后师范大学科学是解决方案，那么问题出在哪里？：激进主义者环境科学的政治学

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摘要

Post-normal science (PNS) is presented by its proponents as a new way of doing science that deals with uncertainties, value diversity or antagonism, and high decision stakes and urgency, with the ultimate goal of remedying the pathologies of the global industrial system for which, according to Funtowicz and Ravetz, existing science forms the basis. The authors critically examine whether PNS can fulfill this claim in the light of empirical and theoretical work on politics and policy making. The authors credit PNS as an innovative frontrunner in raising important issues regarding the limited problem-solving capacity of "normal science" and "professional consultancy." Yet, the authors notice that PNS lacks important considerations about the governance of problems and aspects of participatory and deliberative democracy. PNS in effect implies that methodological "ratiocination" would prevail over political deliberation and democratic interaction and that merely changing scientific input in public policy making would have the power to change its outcomes. This scientistic hubris can be traced back to PNS's origin in concerned scientists' activism, which in effect accessed the political arena through the scientific entrance. The authors conclude that the art of politics needs to come back into the discussion on environmental problems if societal change is to occur.
机译：后普通科学（PNS）由支持者提出，是一种处理不确定性，价值多样性或对抗性，决策风险高和紧迫性高的新科学方法，其最终目标是纠正全球工业系统的病态。根据Funtowicz和Ravetz所说，现有科学构成了基础。作者根据政治和政策制定方面的经验和理论工作，严格审查了PNS是否可以实现这一要求。作者认为PNS在提出有关“正常科学”和“专业咨询”有限的问题解决能力的重要问题方面是创新的领先者。然而，作者注意到，PNS缺乏对问题治理以及参与性和协商性民主各方面的重要考虑。实际上，PNS意味着方法论上的“比率化”将胜过政治审议和民主互动，而仅仅改变公共政策制定中的科学投入将具有改变其结果的力量。这种科学上的傲慢可以追溯到PNS起源于有关科学家的行动主义，实际上是通过科学的进入进入了政治领域。作者得出的结论是，如果要发生社会变革，政治的艺术就需要重新回到有关环境问题的讨论中。

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