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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Antibiotics in a typical karst river system in China: Spatiotemporal variation and environmental risks
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Antibiotics in a typical karst river system in China: Spatiotemporal variation and environmental risks

机译：中国典型喀斯特河系中的抗生素：时空变化和环境风险

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Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination because compounds in water from the land surface are able to enter aquifers directly through sinkholes and travel rapidly through conduits. To investigate the occurrence and profiles of antibiotics in the typical karst river systemin Kaiyang, southwest China, 34 aqueous samples were collected periodically to delineate seasonal trends in antibiotic levels. Thirty-five antibiotics, including nine sulfonamides, four tetracyclines, five macrolides, 16 quinolones and chloramphenicol, were analysed via solid phase extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 25 antibiotics were detected with the highest detection frequency reaching 94.1%, indicating the ubiquity of antibiotics in the study area. The total concentration of antibiotics ranged from 0.37 to 508.6 ng/L, with the dominating proportion including macrolides and quinolones based on the distribution profiles and seasonal variation. Due to the natural attenuation, the total concentration of antibiotics gradually decreased with the flow direction in the southern part of the river. The total concentrations of antibiotics in the mainstream were significantly higher in the dry season than in the rainy seasons. However, the distribution profiles were susceptible to anthropogenic activities, such as the leakage of septic tank wastewater. The dendrogram and heatmap revealed that three clusters of sample sites represented tributaries and the upstream areas, the downstream areas, and the potential pollutant source, and three clusters of antibiotics represented different concentration patterns. The high ecological risks of tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin for algae and ofloxacin for plants were determined. These findings contributed to the establishment of a database for future monitoring and control of antibiotics in karst areas. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：岩溶含水层极易受到污染，因为来自陆地表面的水中的化合物能够直接通过下沉孔进入含水层，并通过管道快速移动。为了调查中国西南部开阳市典型喀斯特河系中抗生素的发生情况和概况，定期收集了34个水样，以描述抗生素水平的季节性趋势。通过固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了35种抗生素，包括9种磺酰胺，4种四环素，5种大环内酯类，16种喹诺酮和氯霉素。总共检测到25种抗生素，最高检出率达到94.1％，表明研究区域中普遍存在抗生素。抗生素的总浓度范围为0.37至508.6 ng / L，根据分布曲线和季节变化，主要成分包括大环内酯类和喹诺酮类。由于自然衰减，抗生素的总浓度在河流南部随流动方向逐渐降低。干旱季节的主流抗生素总浓度明显高于雨季。但是，分布图很容易受到人为活动的影响，例如化粪池废水的泄漏。树状图和热图显示，三个采样点集群代表支流，上游区域，下游区域和潜在污染物源，而三个抗生素集群代表不同的浓度模式。确定了四环素，红霉素和环丙沙星对植物的藻类和氧氟沙星对植物的高生态风险。这些发现有助于建立一个数据库，以便将来在岩溶地区监测和控制抗生素。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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