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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Field-collected crude oil, weathered oil and dispersants differentially affect the early life stages of freshwater and saltwater fishes
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Field-collected crude oil, weathered oil and dispersants differentially affect the early life stages of freshwater and saltwater fishes

机译：现场收集的原油，风化油和分散剂对淡水和咸水鱼类的早期生命阶段产生不同的影响

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The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was the biggest in US history and released 3.19 million barrels of light crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, we compared the toxicity of water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of naturally weathered crude oils, source oil, and source oil with dispersant mixtures and their effects on developing sheepshead minnow and zebrafish. Although a freshwater fish, zebrafish has been used as a model for marine oil spills owing to the molecular and genetic tools available and their amenability to lab care. Our study not only aimed to determine the effect of crude oil on early life stages of these two fish species, but also aimed to determine whether dissolved crude oil constituents were similar in fresh and saltwater, and if freshwater fish might be a suitable model to study marine spills. Weathering and dispersant had similar effects on WAF composition in both fresh and saltwater, except that the saltwater source oil + dispersant WAF had markedly higher PAH levels than the freshwater equivalent. WAF exposure differentially affected survival, as the LC50 values in %WAF for the zebrafish and sheepshead minnow exposures were 44.9% WAF (95% confidence interval (C.I.) 42.1-47.9) and 16.8% WAF (95% C.I. 13.7-20.5); respectively. Exposure increased heart rate of zebrafish embryos, whereas in sheepshead, source oil exposure had the opposite effect. WAF exposure altered mRNA expression of biotransformation makers, vitellogenin and neurodevelopment genes in both species. Muscle deformations were only found in oil-exposed zebrafish. This is one of the most comprehensive studies to date on crude oil toxicity, and highlights the species-specific differences in cardiotoxicity, estrogenic effects, biotransformation enzyme induction and potential neurotoxicity of crude oil exposure. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：深水地平线（DWH）漏油事件是美国历史上最大的漏油事件，向墨西哥湾释放了319万桶轻质原油。在这项研究中，我们比较了自然风化原油，原料油和原料油与分散剂混合物的水份（WAF）的毒性及其对羊头min鱼和斑马鱼发育的影响。尽管斑马鱼是淡水鱼，但由于可用的分子和遗传工具及其对实验室护理的适应性，斑马鱼已被用作海洋溢油的模型。我们的研究不仅旨在确定原油对这两种鱼类早期生命的影响，而且旨在确定淡水和盐水中溶解的原油成分是否相似，以及淡水鱼是否可能是适合研究的模型海洋泄漏。风化和分散剂对淡水和盐水中的WAF组成具有相似的影响，除了盐水源油+分散剂WAF的PAH水平明显高于淡水当量。 WAF暴露差异影响存活率，因为斑马鱼和小头min鱼的LC50值的％WAF为44.9％WAF（95％置信区间（C.I.）42.1-47.9）和16.8％WAF（95％C.I. 13.7-20.5）;分别。暴露会增加斑马鱼胚胎的心率，而在羊头中，源油暴露会产生相反的影响。 WAF暴露改变了两个物种中生物转化产生子，卵黄蛋白原和神经发育基因的mRNA表达。肌肉变形仅在暴露于油的斑马鱼中发现。这是迄今为止有关原油毒性的最全面的研究之一，突出了心脏毒性，雌激素作用，生物转化酶的诱导和原油暴露的潜在神经毒性的物种特异性差异。 （C）2018由Elsevier B.V.发布

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