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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Impact of recent artisanal small-scale gold mining in Senegal: Mercury and methylmercury contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
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Impact of recent artisanal small-scale gold mining in Senegal: Mercury and methylmercury contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

机译：塞内加尔最近的手工小规模金矿开采的影响：陆地和水生生态系统的汞和甲基汞污染

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In Senegal, the environmental impact of artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) using mercury (Hg) is poorly documented despite its intensification over the past two decades. We report here a complete dataset including the distribution and speciation of Hg in soil, sediment, and water in pristine and ASGM impacted sites of the Gambia River ecosystem (Kedougou region - eastern Senegal). Selective extraction showed that soils surrounding ASGM activities were contaminated with elemental Hg [Hg(0)] at concentrations up to 3.9 mg kg(-1). In the Gambia River, high total Hg (THg: 1.16 +/- 0.80 mg kg(-1)) and methylmercury (MeHg: 3.2 +/- 2.3 ng g(-1)) were also measured in sediment samples collected at ASGM sites. Along the stream, THg concentrations in sediment decrease with distance from the ASGM sites, while those of methylmercury increase downstream. The study of THg and MeHg partitioning between filtered surface water and suspended particles demonstrate that particulate transport is responsible for the downstream dissemination of the Hg contamination from ASGM sites. Sedimentation of fine particles enriched in Hg downstream ASGM sites likely favors MeHg production and accumulation in sediment. Although elemental Hg is weakly labile, surface soil erosion may also provide important and long-term Hg inputs to downstream aquatic ecosystems, where it can be oxidized and methylated. Finally, the dissemination of THg and MeHg downstream from the ASGM sites in the Gambia River may constitute a long-term source of contamination and can have a large scale impact on the aquatic ecosystem through biomagnification. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：在塞内加尔，尽管使用汞（Hg）的手工小规模金矿开采（ASGM）在过去二十年中愈演愈烈，但对环境的影响却鲜有记载。我们在这里报告了一个完整的数据集，包括冈比亚河生态系统（科多古地区-塞内加尔东部）原始和受手工和小规模采金影响的土壤中汞，土壤，沉积物和水中汞的分布和形态。选择性提取表明，围绕ASGM活动的土壤被元素Hg [Hg（0）]污染，其浓度最高为3.9 mg kg（-1）。在冈比亚河中，在ASGM站点收集的沉积物样品中也测出了较高的总汞（THg：1.16 +/- 0.80 mg kg（-1））和甲基汞（MeHg：3.2 +/- 2.3 ng g（-1））。 。沿河流，沉积物中THg的浓度随与ASGM站点的距离的增加而降低，而甲基汞的THg浓度在下游增加。对过滤后的地表水和悬浮颗粒之间的THg和MeHg分配进行的研究表明，颗粒物的运输是造成ASGM站点中Hg污染物向下游扩散的原因。富集在ASGM下游的汞中的细颗粒的沉淀可能有利于MeHg的产生和在沉积物中的积累。尽管元素汞不稳定，但表层土壤侵蚀也可能为下游的水生生态系统提供重要且长期的汞输入，在水中汞可以被氧化和甲基化。最后，在冈比亚河的手工和小规模采金场下游传播THg和MeHg可能构成长期污染源，并可能通过生物放大作用对水生生态系统产生大规模影响。 （C）2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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