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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Cadmium accumulation and allocation in different cacao cultivars
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Cadmium accumulation and allocation in different cacao cultivars

机译：不同可可品种中镉的积累与分配

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Cadmium (Cd) is a biologically non-essential heavy metal that can cause toxic effects in plants, animals and humans already at low concentrations compared to other metals. After Cd concentrations in cacao beans of various provenances, particularly from Latin America, were found to exceed the new regulations enforced by the European Union in 2019, there is an urgent need to find measures to lower Cd accumulation in cacao beans to acceptable values. In this research, the long-term cacao cultivar trial CEDEC-JAS in northern Honduras was used to investigate differences between 11 cultivars in Cd uptake and translocation. Sampling of various plant parts, including rootstocks, scions, leaves and beans, from three replicate trees per cultivar and the soil around each tree was conducted at this site. Results indicate that concentrations of available soil Cd were more closely correlated with Cd concentrations of the rootstocks (R-2 = 0.56), scions (R-2 = 0.59) and leaves (R-2 = 0.46) than with bean Cd concentrations (R-2 = 026). In addition, Cd concentrations of rootstocks, scions and leaves showed close relationships to available soil Cd concentrations, with no significant differences between the cultivars. In contrast, bean Cd concentrations showed only weak correlations to available soil Cd and Cd concentrations in the vegetative plant parts, but significant variation among cultivars. Three cultivars, which were analysed in more detail, showed significant differences in Cd concentrations of mature beans, but not of immature beans. These results suggest that cultivar-related differences in bean Cd concentrations primarily result from differences in Cd loading during bean maturation, possibly due to cultivar-specific differences in the xylem-to-phloem transfer of Cd. The results show that selection of cultivars with low Cd transfer from vegetative parts into the beans has high potential to keep Cd accumulation in cacao beans at levels that are safe for consumption. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：镉（Cd）是一种生物学上不必要的重金属，与其他金属相比，其浓度低时会对植物，动物和人类产生毒性作用。在发现各种来源（特别是来自拉丁美洲的可可豆）中的Cd浓度超过了欧盟在2019年实施的新法规之后，迫切需要找到措施将可可豆中Cd的累积量降低至可接受的水平。在这项研究中，洪都拉斯北部的可可长期栽培试验CEDEC-JAS用于研究11个品种在Cd吸收和转运方面的差异。在该地点从每个品种的三棵复制树和每棵树周围的土壤中取样各种植物部分，包括砧木，接穗，叶子和豆类。结果表明，土壤有效镉的浓度与砧木的镉浓度（R-2 = 0.56），接穗（R-2 = 0.59）和叶片（R-2 = 0.46）的关系比豆镉浓度（R -2 = 026）。此外，砧木，接穗和叶片的Cd浓度与可利用的土壤Cd浓度显示出密切的关系，两个品种之间没有显着差异。相反，豆中Cd浓度与营养植物部分中可用土壤Cd和Cd浓度的相关性很小，但在不同品种之间差异很大。对三个品种进行了更详细的分析，它们显示出成熟豆中Cd浓度的显着差异，但未成熟豆中Cd的浓度差异不大。这些结果表明，豆类Cd浓度与品种相关的差异主要是由于豆类成熟过程中Cd负载的差异所致，这可能是由于Cd的木质部-韧皮部转移中特定品种的差异所致。结果表明，选择从营养部分向豆中转移的Cd较低的品种具有将Cd积累在可可豆中的安全水平，具有很高的消费潜力。 （C）2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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