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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Calculating socially optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization rates for sustainable N management in China
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Calculating socially optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization rates for sustainable N management in China

机译：计算中国可持续氮管理的社会最优氮肥利用率

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Current nitrogen (N) fertilization rates in China have incurred high social costs in the drive to achieve higher yields and economic returns. We conducted an intensive nation-wide investigation to estimate the socially optimal N rate (SOR) for Chinese maize, rice and wheat as a balance between crop productivity, farm income, ecological health and human health. The social cost of N impacts (SCN) was calculated based on 2210 field observations reported in 264 publications. The estimated SCN for three cereal crops grown in China was in the range $142-218 ha(-1) at medium N fertilization rates (173-204 kg N ha(-1)). The net benefits of N use were calculated as the differences between private profitability and the SCN. The minimum N application rate with maximized net benefit was estimated as the SOR calculated from data compiled from 27,476 on-farm year-site trials. The average SOR was in the range 149-160 kg ha(-1); values in this range were 18.1-23.7% lower than the privately optimal N rate (POR). The yield losses associated with implementation of the SOR were not significant (p < 0.01) compared with the yield of POR implementation. The POR calculates the minimum N application required to maximize private profitability, i.e., traditional N recommended practice. Compared with the POR, implementation of SOR reduced reactive N losses by 17.8-39.0%, and the SCN by 18.8-30.9%. Finally, we simulated the SOR at the county level for each soil type based on data collected from no-N control plots yields and maximum achieved yields (p < 0.01). Thus, we estimated the SOR at the Chinese county level for three cereal crops using direct on-farm measurements. This study provide updated estimates of optimizing N management to simultaneously address production and pollution problems in China and other similar regions of the world. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：中国目前的氮肥施用率已经为实现更高的产量和经济回报而付出了高昂的社会成本。我们在全国范围内进行了深入的调查，以估算中国玉米，水稻和小麦的社会最优氮素（SOR），作为作物生产力，农场收入，生态健康和人类健康之间的平衡。 N影响的社会成本（SCN）是根据264个出版物中报告的2210个现场观察结果计算得出的。在中等氮肥水平下（173-204 kg N ha（-1）），估计在中国种植的三种谷类作物的SCN在$ 142-218 ha（-1）范围内。氮素使用的净收益计算为私人获利能力与SCN之间的差异。根据从27,476个农场年现场试验收集的数据计算出的SOR，估算出具有最大净收益的最小氮肥施用量。平均SOR为149-160 kg ha（-1）；此范围内的数值比私人最佳N率（POR）低18.1-23.7％。与POR实施的收益相比，与SOR实施相关的收益损失不显着（p <0.01）。 POR计算出最大化私人盈利能力所需的最小N应用，即传统的N建议做法。与POR相比，实施SOR可将反应性N损失降低17.8-39.0％，将SCN减少18.8-30.9％。最后，我们根据从无氮对照地块产量和最大已实现产量中收集的数据，对每种土壤类型在县级模拟了SOR。因此，我们使用直接农场测量方法估算了中国县级三种谷类作物的SOR。这项研究提供了优化氮素管理以同时解决中国及世界其他类似地区的生产和污染问题的最新估算。 （C）2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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