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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Variability of air pollutants, and PM composition and sources at a regional background site in the Balearic Islands: Review of western Mediterranean phenomenology from a 3-year study
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Variability of air pollutants, and PM composition and sources at a regional background site in the Balearic Islands: Review of western Mediterranean phenomenology from a 3-year study

机译：巴利阿里群岛区域背景点的空气污染物，PM成分和来源的变化：一项为期三年的研究回顾了西地中海现象

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摘要

The present study discloses the results of a comprehensive 3-years campaign (2010—2012) of air pollution measurements over an regional island background area (Can Llompart-Balearic Islands, Spain), contextualized with other measurements in the western Mediterranean region. Gaseous pollutants and particulate matter fractions were measured in real time; and PM_(10) and PM_1 daily samples were obtained regularly from which chemical analyses were performed. Furthermore, during three intensive observation periods, real-time concentrations of particle number, black carbon and ammonia were additionally measured. Our results display particular diurnal and seasonal patterns for certain pollutants such as O_3 and particle number concentration. Our study reveals that concentrations of air pollutants and aerosol chemical composition are rather similar all over the central and western Mediterranean basin. The most abundant chemical components in PM_(10) were mineral dust, followed by organic matter, sea spray and SO_4~(2-); in PM_1 organic matter and SO_4~(2-) dominated, with significant contribution of mineral dust. Furthermore, a source apportionment Positive Matrix Factorization analysis was conducted. Natural sources exert most of the impact on the coarse-mode fraction, while most of fine-mode aerosols are linked to anthropogenic sources coming from local, regional or long range transport emissions. Prevalence of Atlantic air masses in 2010 had a positive effect in air quality, lowering mineral dust, SO_4~(2-) and EC concentrations. On the contrary, the high incidence of African dust and regional recirculation situations during the 2012 warm season favoured an overall PM load increase governed by mineral dust, SO_4~(2-) and trace elements associated to dust aerosols. The continuous increase in tourists in the Balearic Islands, and in general all around the Mediterranean, is clearly changing air quality patterns: while urban air pollution has strongly decreased since 2010, such downward trend is less pronounced at the regional scale, thus related to crescent sources such as maritime and air transport.
机译：本研究揭示了在一个区域性岛屿背景区域（西班牙坎卢姆帕特-巴利阿里群岛）上进行的为期3年（2010-2012年）的全面空气污染测量结果，并结合了西地中海地区的其他测量结果。实时测量气态污染物和颗粒物分数;并定期获取PM_（10）和PM_1日样本，并从中进行化学分析。此外，在三个密集的观察期内，还实时测量了颗粒数，黑碳和氨的实时浓度。我们的结果显示某些污染物（例如O_3和颗粒数浓度）的特定昼夜和季节模式。我们的研究表明，整个地中海中部和西部盆地的空气污染物浓度和气溶胶化学成分都相当相似。 PM_（10）中最丰富的化学成分是矿物粉尘，其次是有机质，海浪和SO_4〜（2-）; PM_1中的有机物和SO_4〜（2-）占主导，矿物粉尘的贡献很大。此外，进行了源分配正矩阵分解分析。自然资源对粗模式部分产生了大部分影响，而大多数精细模式气溶胶则与来自本地，区域或远程运输排放的人为来源相关。 2010年大西洋气团的流行对空气质量产生了积极影响，降低了矿物粉尘，SO_4〜（2-）和EC浓度。相反，2012年暖季期间非洲粉尘的高发率和区域再循环情况，有利于由矿物粉尘，SO_4〜（2-）和与粉尘气溶胶相关的微量元素控制的PM总量增加。巴利阿里群岛以及整个地中海地区游客的持续增加明显改变了空气质量模式：尽管自2010年以来城市空气污染已大大减少，但这种下降趋势在区域范围内并不明显，因此与新月形有关海上和航空运输等资源。

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