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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Water quality of surface runoff and lint yield in cotton under furrow irrigation in Northeast Arkansas
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Water quality of surface runoff and lint yield in cotton under furrow irrigation in Northeast Arkansas

机译：阿肯色州东北部沟灌条件下棉花地表径流水质和皮棉产量

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摘要

Use of furrow irrigation in row crop production is a common practice through much of the Midsouth US and yet, nutrients can be transported off-site through surface runoff. A field study with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L) was conducted to understand the impact of furrow tillage practices and nitrogen (N) fertilizer placement on characteristics of runoff water quality during the growing season. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with conventional (CT) and conservation furrow tillage (FT) in combination with either urea (URN) broadcast or 32% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) injected, each applied at 101 kg N ha~(-1). Concentrations of ammonium (NH_4-N), nitrate (NO_3-N), nitrite (NO_2-N), and dissolved phosphorus (P) in irrigation runoff water and lint yields were measured in all treatments. The intensity and chemical form of nutrient losses were primarily controlled by water runoff volume and agronomic practice. Across tillage and fertilizer N treatments, median N concentrations in the runoff were <03 mg N L~(-1) with NO_3-N being relatively the highest among N forms. Concentrations of runoff dissolved P were < 0.05 mg P L~(-1) and were affected by volume of runoff water. Water pH, specific electrical conductivity, alkalinity and hardness were within levels that common to local irrigation water and less likely to impair pollution in waterways. Lint yields averaged 1111 kg ha~(-1) and were higher (P-value = 0.03) in FT compared to CT treatments. Runoff volumes across irrigation events were greater (P-value = 0.02) in CT than FT treatments, which increased NO_3-N mass loads in CT treatments (394 g NO_3-N ha~(-1) season~(-1)). Nitrate-N concentrations in CT treatments were still low and pose little threat to N contaminations in waterways. The findings support the adoption of conservation practices for furrow tillage and N fertilizer placement that can reduce nutrient runoff losses in furrow irrigation systems.
机译：在美国中南部许多地区，在大田作物生产中使用沟灌是很普遍的做法，然而，养分可以通过地表径流运离现场。进行了棉花（Gossypium hirsutum，L）的田间研究，以了解耕作耕作方式和氮（N）肥放置对生长季径流水质特征的影响。实验设计为随机完整区组设计，结合常规（CT）和保护性耕作耕作（FT）结合尿素（URN）广播或注射的32％尿素硝酸铵（UAN）进行，每个剂量为101 kg N ha〜 （-1）。在所有处理中，都测量了灌溉径流水中铵态氮（NH_4-N），硝酸盐（NO_3-N），亚硝酸盐（NO_2-N）和溶解磷（P）的浓度以及皮棉产量。养分流失的强度和化学形式主要由径流量和农艺实践控制。在耕作和施氮的过程中，径流中氮的中位数浓度<03 mg N L（-1），其中NO_3-N相对较高。径流中溶解磷的浓度<0.05 mg P L〜（-1），并受径流水量的影响。水的pH值，比电导率，碱度和硬度均在当地灌溉用水的水平之内，并且不太可能损害水道的污染。与CT处理相比，FT皮棉平均产量为1111 kg ha〜（-1），较高（P值= 0.03）。 CT上灌溉事件的径流量大于FT处理（P值= 0.02），这增加了CT处理（394 g NO_3-N ha〜（-1）季节〜（-1））的NO_3-N质量负荷。 CT处理中的硝酸盐氮浓度仍然很低，对水道中的氮污染几乎没有威胁。研究结果支持采用耕作耕作和氮肥施用的养护措施，可以减少耕作灌溉系统中的养分径流损失。

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  • 来源
    《The Science of the Total Environment》 |2018年第1期|81-87|共7页
  • 作者

    M. Arlene A. Adviento-Borbe; Brittany D. Barnes; Oluwayinka Iseyemi; Amanda M. Mann; Michele L. Reba; William J. Robertson; Joseph H. Massey; Tina G. Teague;

  • 作者单位

    Delta Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, 504 University Loop, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States;

    Rabo Agrifinance, 2600 Alexander Drive, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States;

    Delta Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, 504 University Loop, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States;

    Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, PO Box 2340, State University, AR 72467, United States;

    Delta Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, 504 University Loop, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States;

    Crop, Soil & Environmental Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, 649 Jackson 917 Newport, AR 72112, United States;

    Delta Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, 504 University Loop, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States;

    Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, PO Box 2340, State University, AR 72467, United States;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Furrow irrigation; Runoff losses; Cotton; Lint yield; Water quality; N;

    机译：沟灌;径流损失;棉;皮棉产量;水质;ñ;

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