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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Blowing dust and highway safety in the southwestern United States: Characteristics of dust emission 'hotspots' and management implications
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Blowing dust and highway safety in the southwestern United States: Characteristics of dust emission 'hotspots' and management implications

机译：美国西南部的扬尘和高速公路安全：扬尘“热点”的特征及其管理意义

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AbstractDespite the widespread media attention of chain-reaction traffic incidents and property damage caused by windblown dust in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world, very few studies have provided in-depth analysis on this issue. Remote sensing and field observations reveal that wind erosion in the southwestern U.S. typically occurs in localized source areas, characterized as “hotspots”, while most of the landscape is not eroding. In this study, we identified the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of hotspots that may contribute dust blowing onto highways in the southwestern U.S. We further classified the hotspots for the potential of blowing dust production based upon field observations and wind erosion modeling. Results of land use and land cover show that shrubland, grassland, and cropland accounted for 42%, 31%, and 21% of the overall study area, respectively. However, of the 620 total hotspots identified, 164 (26%), 141 (22%), and 234 (38%) are located on shrubland, grassland, and cropland, respectively. Barren land represented 0.9% of the land area but 8% of the dust hotspots. While a majority of these hotspots are located close to highways, we focused on 55 of them, which are located <1km to adjacent highways and accessible via non-private roads. Field investigations and laboratory analysis showed that soils at these hotspot sites are dominated by sand and silt particles with threshold shear velocities ranging from 0.17–0.78m s−1, largely depending on the land use of the hotspot sites. Dust emission modeling showed that 13 hotspot sites could produce annual emissions >3.79kg m−2, yielding highly hazardous dust emissions to ground transportation with visibility <200m. Results of location, timing, and magnitude of the dust production at the hotspots are critical information for highway authorities to make informed and timely management decisions when wind events strike.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•A total of 620 dust emission hotspots and their characteristics of land use were identified in the southwestern U.S.•Location, timing, and magnitude of the dust production at the hotspots were identified.•Fifty five hotspot sites are located within 1km to adjacent highways.•Thirteen hotspot sites could produce highly hazardous dust emissions to ground transportation with visibility <200m.
机译： 摘要 尽管在美国和世界其他地方，媒体广泛关注连锁反应交通事故和因飞尘引起的财产损失，但很少有研究提供深入的信息。分析这个问题。遥感和现场观察表明，美国西南部的风蚀通常发生在局部源区，称为“热点”，而大部分景观并未受到侵蚀。在这项研究中，我们确定了可能在美国西南部高速公路上吹尘的热点的时空分布格局。我们根据实地观察和风蚀模型进一步对热点进行了分类，以潜在地吹尘。土地利用和土地覆盖的结果显示，灌木丛，草地和农田分别占整个研究区域的42％，31％和21％。但是，在确定的620个总热点中，分别有164个（26％），141个（22％）和234个（38％）位于灌木丛，草地和农田上。贫瘠土地占土地面积的0.9％，但尘土热点占8％。尽管这些热点中的大多数都位于高速公路附近，但我们重点研究了其中的55个热点，这些热点距相邻高速公路的距离不到1公里，可以通过非私有道路到达。现场调查和实验室分析表明，这些热点地区的土壤以沙粒和粉尘颗粒为主，临界剪切速度范围为0.17–0.78ms -1 ，很大程度上取决于在热点站点的土地上使用。粉尘排放模型显示，有13个热点站点的年排放量> 3.79kg m − 2 ，对地面运输产生了非常危险的粉尘，可见度<200m。热点地区粉尘产生的位置，时间和幅度的结果是高速公路当局在风灾发生时做出明智，及时的管理决策的关键信息。 < / ce：abstract> 图形摘要 省略显示 突出显示 • 总共620尘埃在美国西南部确定了任务热点及其土地利用特征 • 确定了热点处粉尘产生的位置，时间和大小。 • 有55个热点站点位于距相邻高速公路1公里之内。 • 十三个热点站点可能对地面运输产生高度危险的粉尘排放，可见度<200m。

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