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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Sulfate radical-based oxidation of antibiotics sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfachloropyridazine: Formation of SO_2 extrusion products and effects of natural organic matter
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Sulfate radical-based oxidation of antibiotics sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfachloropyridazine: Formation of SO_2 extrusion products and effects of natural organic matter

机译：抗生素磺胺二甲嘧啶，磺胺嘧啶，磺胺嘧啶，磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺氯哒嗪的硫酸盐基氧化：SO_2挤出产物的形成和天然有机物的影响

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摘要

The widespread occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics in the environment has raised great concerns about their potential to proliferate antibacterial resistance. Sulfate radical (SO~-_4 ) based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are promising in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technologies for remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by antibiotics. The present study reported that thermally activated persulfate oxidation of sulfonamides (SAs) bearing six-membered heterocyclic rings, e.g., sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), and sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), all produced SO_2 extrusion products (SEPs), a phenomenon that is of potential importance, but not systematically studied. As an electrophilic oxidant, SO~-_4" tends to attack the aniline moiety, the reactive site of SAs, via electro-transfer mechanism. The resulting anilinyl radical cations are subjected to further intermolecular Smiles-type rearrangement to produce SEPs. Formation of SEPs is expected to occur in other SR-AOPs as well. The temperature-dependent evolution pattern of SEP of SMZ, 4-(2-imino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-l (2H)-yl)amline, can be well fitted by kinetic modeling concerning sequential formation and transformation of intermediate product The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) influenced the evolution patterns of4-¢2-irmno=-4.6-dimethylpyrimidin-l(2H)-yl)aniline significantly. Toxicological effects of SEPs on ecesystem and human health remain largely unknown, thus, further monitoring studies are highly desirable.
机译：磺胺类抗生素在环境中的广泛存在引起了人们对其潜在的增加抗菌药耐药性的担忧。基于硫酸根（SO〜-_4）的高级氧化工艺（SR-AOP）是用于修复被抗生素污染的土壤和地下水的有前途的原位化学氧化（ISCO）技术。本研究报告表明，带有六元杂环的磺酰胺（SAs）的热活化过硫酸盐氧化反应，例如磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMZ），磺胺吡啶（SPD），磺胺嘧啶（SDZ），磺胺二甲恶碱（SDM）和磺胺氯哒嗪（SCP），全部产生了SO_2挤出产品（SEP），这种现象具有潜在的重要性，但尚未进行系统的研究。作为亲电子氧化剂，SO〜-_4“倾向于通过电转移机制攻击SAs的苯胺部分，从而使苯胺基自由基阳离子进一步发生分子间的Smiles型重排，从而生成SEP。可以很好地拟合SMZ 4-（2-亚氨基-4,6-二甲基嘧啶-1（2H）-基）氨水的SEP随温度变化的演化模式。中间产物顺序形成和转化的动力学模型天然有机物（NOM）的存在显着影响了4-¢2-irmno = -4.6-二甲基嘧啶-1（2H）-基）苯胺的演化模式。生态系统和人类健康仍然很大程度上未知，因此，进一步监测研究是非常可取的。

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