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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Spatial and temporal relationships among watershed mining, water quality, and freshwater mussel status in an eastern USA river
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Spatial and temporal relationships among watershed mining, water quality, and freshwater mussel status in an eastern USA river

机译：美国东部河流流域采矿，水质和淡水贻贝状况之间的时空关系

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摘要

The Powell River of southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee, USA, drains a watershed with extensive coal surface mining, and it hosts exceptional biological richness, including at-risk species of freshwater mussels, downstream of mining-disturbed watershed areas. We investigated spatial and temporal patterns of watershed mining disturbance; their relationship to water quality change in the section of the river that connects mining areas to mussel habitat; and relationships of mining-related water constituents to measures of recent and past mussel status. Freshwater mussels in the Powell River have experienced significant declines over the past 35 decades. Over that same period, surface coal mining has influenced the watershed. Water-monitoring data collected by state and federal agencies demonstrate that dissolved solids and associated constituents that are commonly influenced by Appalachian mining (specific conductance, pH, hardness and sulfates) have experienced increasing temporal trends from the 1960s through ～2008; but of those constituents, only dissolved solids concentrations are available widely within the Powell River since ～2008. Dissolved solids concentrations have stabilized in recent years. Dissolved solids, specific conductance, pH, and sulfates also exhibited spatial patterns that are consistent with dilution of mining influence with increasing distance from mined areas. Freshwater mussel status indicators are correlated negatively with dissolved solids concentrations, spatially and temporally, but the direct causal mechanisms responsible for mussel declines remain unknown.
机译：弗吉尼亚西南部和美国田纳西州东北部的鲍威尔河排干了集水区，进行了广泛的煤层开采，蕴藏着异常丰富的生物资源，包括受采矿困扰的集水区下游的淡水贻贝等高危物种。我们调查了流域采矿扰动的时空格局；它们与连接矿区和贻贝栖息地的河段水质变化的关系；以及与采矿有关的水成分与最近和过去贻贝状况的度量之间的关系。在过去的35年中，鲍威尔河中的淡水贻贝经历了大幅下降。在同一时期，露天煤矿开采对分水岭产生了影响。州和联邦机构收集的水监测数据表明，从1960年代到2008年，受阿巴拉契亚矿山开采影响的溶解固体和相关成分（比电导率，pH，硬度和硫酸盐）的时间趋势不断增加。但是，在这些成分中，自〜2008年以来，鲍威尔河内只有大量溶解的固体存在。近年来，溶解固体的浓度已经稳定。溶解的固体，比电导，pH和硫酸盐也表现出空间分布规律，这与随着距离矿区距离的增加而对采矿影响的稀释作用一致。淡水贻贝状态指标在空间和时间上与溶解固体浓度呈负相关，但是导致贻贝下降的直接因果机制仍然未知。

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