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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Assessing the implications of water harvesting intensification on upstream-downstream ecosystem services: A case study in the Lake Tana basin
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Assessing the implications of water harvesting intensification on upstream-downstream ecosystem services: A case study in the Lake Tana basin

机译：评估集水集约化对上游-下游生态系统服务的影响：以塔纳湖流域为例

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摘要

Water harvesting systems have improved productivity in various regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, they can help retain water in landscapes, build resilience against droughts and dry spells, and thereby contribute to sustainable agricultural intensification. However, there is no strong empirical evidence that shows the effects of intensification of water harvesting on upstream-downstream social-ecological systems at a landscape scale. In this paper we develop a decision support system (DSS) for locating and sizing water harvesting ponds in a hy-drological model, which enables assessments of water harvesting intensification on upstream-downstream ecosystem services in meso-scale watersheds. The DSS was used with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for a case-study area located in the Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia We found that supplementary irrigation in combination with nutrient application increased simulated teff (Eragrostis tef, staple crop in Ethiopia) production up to three times, compared to the current practice. Moreover, after supplemental irrigation of teff, the excess water was used for dry season onion production of 7.66 t/ha (median). Water harvesting, therefore, can play an important role in increasing local- to regional-scale food security through increased and more stable food production and generation of extra income from the sale of cash crops. The annual total irrigation water consumption was ～4%-30% of the annual water yield from the entire watershed. In general, water harvesting resulted in a reduction in peak flows and an increase in low flows. Water harvesting substantially reduced sediment yield leaving the watershed. The beneficiaries of water harvesting ponds may benefit from increases in agricultural production. The downstream social-ecological systems may benefit from reduced food prices, reduced flooding damages, and reduced sediment influxes, as well as enhancements in low flows and water quality. The benefits of water harvesting warrant economic feasibility studies and detailed analyses of its ecological impacts.
机译：集水系统提高了撒哈拉以南非洲各个地区的生产率。同样，它们可以帮助保持景观中的水分，增强抗旱和干旱能力，从而有助于可持续农业集约化。然而，没有强有力的经验证据显示集水集约化对景观尺度上下游社会生态系统的影响。在本文中，我们开发了一种决策支持系统（DSS），用于在水文模型中确定集水池的大小和大小，从而可以评估中尺度流域上游-下游生态系统服务的集水集约化强度。 DSS与土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）一起用于埃塞俄比亚塔纳湖盆地的案例研究区域，我们发现补充灌溉与养分施用相结合可提高模拟teff（埃格罗提斯tef，埃塞俄比亚的主要农作物）产量是目前的三倍。此外，在对teff进行补充灌溉之后，过量的水用于7.66吨/公顷（中位数）的旱季洋葱生产。因此，集水可以通过增加和更稳定的粮食生产以及从经济作物的销售中获得额外收入，在增加地方到区域范围的粮食安全中发挥重要作用。整个流域每年的灌溉总耗水量约为年产量的4％-30％。通常，集水导致峰值流量减少而低压流量增加。集水会大大降低沉积物的产量，离开集水区。集水池塘的受益者可能受益于农业生产的增长。下游的社会生态系统可以从降低的食品价格，减少的洪灾损害，减少的泥沙涌入以及增加的低流量和水质中受益。集水的好处值得进行经济可行性研究，并对其生态影响进行详细分析。

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  • 来源
    《The Science of the Total Environment》 |2016年第15期|22-35|共14页
  • 作者

    Yihun Taddele Dile; Louise Karlberg; Prasad Daggupati; Raghavan Srinivasan; David Wiberg; Johan Rockstroem;

  • 作者单位

    Spatial Sciences Laboratory in the Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA,Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Linnegatan 87D, Box 24218,104 51 Stockholm, Sweden;

    Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Linnegatan 87D, Box 24218,104 51 Stockholm, Sweden;

    Spatial Sciences Laboratory in the Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA;

    Spatial Sciences Laboratory in the Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA;

    International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;

    Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Water harvesting; Ecosystem services; Upstream-downstream; SWAT; Lake Tana; Meso-scale;

    机译：集水;生态系统服务;上游-下游;扑打;塔娜湖;中尺度;

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