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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Photodegradation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting steroidal hormones in aqueous systems: Progress and future challenges
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Photodegradation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting steroidal hormones in aqueous systems: Progress and future challenges

机译：水性系统中雌激素内分泌干扰甾体激素的光降解：进展和未来挑战

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This article reviews different photodegradation technologies used for the removal of four endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2).The degradation efficiency is greater under UV than visible light; and increases with light intensity up to when mass transfer becomes the rate limiting step. Substantial rates are observed in the environmentally relevant range of pH 7-8, though higher rates are obtained for pH above the pK_a (～ 10.4) of the EDCs. The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on EDC photodegradation are complex with both positive and negative impacts being reported. TiO_2 remains the best catalyst due to its superior activity, chemical and photo stability, cheap commercial availability, capacity to function at ambient conditions and low toxicity. The optimum TiO_2 loading is 0.05-1 g l~(-1), while higher loadings have negative impact on EDC removal. The suspended catalysts prove to be more efficient in photocatalysis compared to the immobilised catalysts, while the latter are considered more suitable for commercial scale applications. Photodegradation mostly follows 1st or pseudo 1st order kinetics. Photodegradation typically eradicates or moderates estrogenic activity, though some intermediates are found to exhibit higher estrogenicity than the parent EDCs; the persistence of estrogenic activity is mainly attributed to the presence of the phenolic moiety in intermediates.
机译：本文介绍了用于去除四种内分泌干扰物（EDC）的不同光降解技术：雌酮（E1），17β-雌二醇（E2），雌三醇（E3）和17α-乙炔雌二醇（EE2）。比可见光直到质量转移成为速率限制步骤时，光强度才会增加。在与环境有关的pH值7-8范围内观察到相当高的速率，尽管在高于EDC的pK_a（〜10.4）的pH值下可获得更高的速率。溶解有机物（DOM）对EDC光降解的影响非常复杂，有正向和负向影响的报道。 TiO_2由于其卓越的活性，化学和光稳定性，廉价的商业可获得性，在环境条件下起作用的能力和低毒性而仍然是最好的催化剂。 TiO_2的最佳负载量为0.05-1 g l〜（-1），而较高的负载量对EDC的去除具有负面影响。与固定化催化剂相比，悬浮催化剂被证明在光催化方面更有效，而后者被认为更适合工业规模应用。光降解主要遵循一级或准一级动力学。尽管发现某些中间体比母体EDC表现出更高的雌激素性，但光降解通常会消除或减轻雌激素的活性。雌激素活性的持久性主要归因于中间体中酚部分的存在。

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