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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Pressure of non-professional use of pesticides on operators, aquatic organisms and bees in Belgium
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Pressure of non-professional use of pesticides on operators, aquatic organisms and bees in Belgium

机译：比利时非专业使用农药对经营者，水生生物和蜜蜂的压力

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摘要

Various studies focus on professional pestidde use, whereas pressure of non-professional use on human and the environment is often neglected. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the pressure of non-professional use of pesticides on operators, aquatic organisms and bees in Belgium based on sales figures and by using three exposure models. A classification in non-professional use was made based on type of pesticide, application method and on intensity of non-professional use. Pressure of non-professional use on operators is highest for intensive operators, caused by the use of insecticides in an aerosol spray can. Pressure of non-professional pesticides on aquatic life is mainly generated by the use of herbicides. The aerosol spray induces the highest pressure whereas the trigger application hardly affects operator and environmental exposure. The ordinary non-professional user generates most pressure on aquatic organisms. Pressure of non-professional pesticides on bees is mainly caused by the use of insecticides, especially the active substance imidacloprid in combination with the aerosol spray can application method applied by an intensive operator. In general, both total usage (kg) and pressure of pesticides decreased for the period 2005 to 2012 due to efforts made by the government and industry. The results of this study suggest to pay special attention to aerosol spray applications and the non-professional use of insecticides.
机译：各种研究都集中在专业农药的使用上，而非专业使用对人类和环境的压力往往被忽略。在这项研究中，尝试根据销售数据并使用三种暴露模型来估计比利时非专业使用农药对经营者，水生生物和蜜蜂的压力。根据农药的种类，施用方法和非专业使用的强度对非专业使用进行了分类。对于密集型操作员而言，非专业使用对操作员的压力最大，这是由于在喷雾罐中使用杀虫剂造成的。非专业农药对水生生物的压力主要是通过使用除草剂产生的。气溶胶喷雾会产生最高压力，而扳机的施加几乎不会影响操作员和环境。普通的非专业用户对水生生物产生最大压力。非专业农药对蜜蜂的压力主要是由杀虫剂的使用引起的，尤其是吡虫啉活性物质与密集操作人员使用的气雾剂喷雾罐的组合使用。总体而言，由于政府和工业界的努力，2005年至2012年期间农药的总用量（kg）和压力均下降了。这项研究的结果表明，应特别注意喷雾剂的使用和非专业使用杀虫剂。

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