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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Piped water consumption in Ghana: A case study of temporal and spatial patterns of clean water demand relative to alternative water sources in rural small towns
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Piped water consumption in Ghana: A case study of temporal and spatial patterns of clean water demand relative to alternative water sources in rural small towns

机译:加纳的自来水消耗:以农村小城镇中相对于替代水源的清洁水需求时空格局为例

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摘要

Continuous access to adequate quantities of safe water is essential for human health and socioeconomic development Piped water systems (PWSs) are an increasingly common type of water supply in rural African small towns. We assessed temporal and spatial patterns in water consumption from public standpipes of four PWSs in Ghana in order to assess clean water demand relative to other available water sources. Low water consumption was evident in all study towns, which manifested temporally and spatially. Temporal variability in water consumption that is negatively correlated with rainfall is an indicator of rainwater preference when it is available. Furthermore, our findings show that standpipes in close proximity to alternative water sources such as streams and hand-dug wells suffer further reductions in water consumption. Qualitative data suggest that consumer demand in the study towns appears to be driven more by water quantity, accessibility, and perceived aesthetic water quality, as compared to microbiological water quality or price. In settings with chronic under-utilization of improved water sources, increasing water demand through household connections, improving water quality with respect to taste and appropriateness for laundry, and educating residents about health benefits of using piped water should be prioritized. Continued consumer demand and sufficient revenue generation are important attributes of a water service that ensure its function over time. Our findings suggest that analyzing water consumption of existing metered PWSs in combination with qualitative approaches may enable more efficient planning of community-based water supplies and support sustainable development.
机译:持续获得足够数量的安全水对于人类健康和社会经济发展至关重要。自来水系统(PWS)是非洲农村小城镇中一种越来越普遍的供水类型。为了评估相对于其他可用水源的清洁水需求,我们评估了加纳四个PWS的公共立管的耗水量的时空格局。在所有研究城镇中,耗水量都很低,这在时间和空间上都表现出来。与雨量负相关的耗水量的时间变化是雨水偏好的指标(如果有)。此外,我们的研究结果表明,紧邻替代水源(如溪流和手挖井)的竖管的耗水量进一步降低。定性数据表明,与微生物水质或价格相比,研究城镇的消费者需求似乎更多地受到水量,可及性和感知的美学水质的驱动。在长期未充分利用改善水源的环境中,应优先考虑通过家庭连接增加用水需求,改善水质,以提高口味和洗衣的适宜性,并向居民宣传使用自来水的健康益处。持续的消费者需求和足够的创收能力是自来水服务的重要属性,可确保其随着时间的推移发挥功能。我们的研究结果表明,结合定性方法来分析现有计量PWS的用水量,可以使社区供水的规划更为有效,并支持可持续发展。

著录项

  • 来源
    《The Science of the Total Environment》 |2016年第15期|291-301|共11页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA;

    Department of Community Health Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA;

    Unaffiliated, P.O. Box 399, Teshie, Accra, Ghana;

    Community Water and Sanitation Agency, P.O. Box 1617, Koforidua, Ghana;

    Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Rural water; Water consumption; Improved water access; Piped water systems; Functional sustainability; Ghana;

    机译:农村用水;耗水量;改善水的获取;管道水系统;功能上的可持续性;加纳;

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