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Indicators of airborne fungal concentrations in urban homes: Understanding the conditions that affect indoor fungal exposures

机译：城市家庭中空气传播真菌浓度的指标：了解影响室内真菌暴露的条件

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摘要

Indoor fungal exposure can compromise respiratory health. Low-income urban areas are of concern because of high asthma and allergy rates and housing disrepair. Understanding the conditions that affect indoor fungal exposures is important for assessing health risks and for developing mitigation strategies. We examined the types and concentrations of airborne fungi inside and outside of homes in low-income areas of Syracuse, NY as well as the effect of snow cover on fungal levels. At 103 homes, air samples for viable fungi were collected, occupants were interviewed and homes were inspected for visible mold, musty odors, water problems and other factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to relate high fungal levels to home conditions. Predominant indoor fungi included Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and hyaline unknowns. Basidiomycetes and an uncommon genus Acrodontium were also found frequently due to analysis methods developed for this project. With snow cover, outdoor total fungal levels were depressed and indoor concentrations were three times higher than outdoor on average with a maximum of 29 times higher. Visible mold was related to elevated levels of Penicillium (OR 4.11 95% CI 1.37-14.0) and bacteria (OR 3.79 95% CI 1.41-11.2). Musty, moldy odors were associated with elevated concentrations of total fungi (OR 3.48 95% CI 1.13-11.6) and basidiomycetes. Cockroaches, an indicator of moisture, were associated with elevated levels of Penicillium (OR 3.66 95% CI 1.16-13.1) and Aspergillus (OR 4.36 95% CI 1.60-13.4). Increasing relative humidity was associated with higher concentrations of Penicillium, yeasts and basidiomycetes. Visible mold, musty odors, indoor humidity and cockroaches are modifiable factors that were important determinants of indoor fungal exposures. Indoor air investigators should interpret indoor:outdoor fungal ratios cautiously when snow cover is present.
机译：室内真菌暴露会危害呼吸系统健康。由于高哮喘和过敏率以及房屋维修，低收入城市地区备受关注。了解影响室内真菌接触的条件对于评估健康风险和制定缓解策略很重要。我们检查了纽约州锡拉丘兹低收入地区房屋内外的空气传播真菌的类型和浓度，以及积雪对真菌水平的影响。在103户房屋中，收集了活菌的空气样本，采访了居民，并检查了房屋是否有可见的霉菌，霉味，水问题和其他因素。多变量logistic回归用于将高真菌水平与家庭条件联系起来。主要的室内真菌包括枝孢菌，青霉菌，曲霉，链霉菌和透明菌。由于为该项目开发了分析方法，因此也经常发现担子菌和不常见的肢端奇菌属。在积雪的情况下，室外的总真菌水平降低了，室内的浓度平均比室外高出三倍，最高增加了29倍。可见霉菌与青霉菌（OR 4.11 95％CI 1.37-14.0）和细菌（OR 3.79 95％CI 1.41-11.2）水平升高有关。发霉，发霉的气味与总真菌（OR 3.48 95％CI 1.13-11.6）和担子菌的浓度升高有关。蟑螂是水分的指标，与青霉菌（OR 3.66 95％CI 1.16-13.1）和曲霉菌（OR 4.36 95％CI 1.60-13.4）升高有关。相对湿度的增加与青霉菌，酵母和担子菌的浓度升高有关。可见的霉菌，霉味，室内湿度和蟑螂是可改变的因素，这些因素是室内真菌暴露的重要决定因素。当出现积雪时，室内空气调查员应谨慎解释室内：室外真菌的比例。

著录项

  • 来源
    《The Science of the Total Environment》 |2015年第1期|113-124|共12页
  • 作者

    Judith A. Crawford; Paula F. Rosenbaum; Susan E. Anagnost; Andrew Hunt; Jerrold L. Abraham;

  • 作者单位

    Program in Environmental Science, State University of New York (SUNY) College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Baker Laboratory, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States;

    Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States;

    Department of Sustainable Construction Management & Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States;

    Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Box 19049, Arlington, TX 76019-0049, United States;

    Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Indoor air; Airborne fungi; Mold; Urban; Home characteristics;

    机译：室内空气空中真菌;模子;城市家居特色;

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