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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Temporal assessment of copper speciation, bioavailability and toxicity in UK freshwaters using chemical equilibrium and biotic ligand models: Implications for compliance with copper environmental quality standards
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Temporal assessment of copper speciation, bioavailability and toxicity in UK freshwaters using chemical equilibrium and biotic ligand models: Implications for compliance with copper environmental quality standards

机译：使用化学平衡和生物配体模型对英国淡水中的铜形态，生物利用度和毒性进行时间评估：对符合铜环境质量标准的影响

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摘要

Although significant progress has been made in understanding how environmental factors modify the speciation, bioavailability and toxicity of metals such as copper in aquatic environments, the current methods used to establish water quality standards do not necessarily consider the different geological and geochemical characteristics of a given site and the factors that affect copper fate, bioavailability potential and toxicity. In addition, the temporal variation in the concentration and bioavailable metal fraction is also important in freshwater systems. The work presented in this paper illustrates the temporal and seasonal variability of a range of water quality parameters, and Cu speciation, bioavailability and toxicity at four freshwaters sites in the UK. Rivers Coquet Cree, Lower Clyde and Eden (Kent) were selected to cover a broad range of different geochemical environments and site characteristics. The monitoring data used covered a period of around six years at almost monthly intervals. Chemical equilibrium modelling was used to study temporal variations in Cu speciation and was combined with acute toxicity modelling to assess Cu bioavailability for two aquatic species, Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex. The estimated copper bioavailability, toxicity levels and the corresponding ecosystem risks were analysed in relation to key water quality parameters (alkalinity, pH and DOC). Although copper concentrations did not vary much during the sampling period or between the seasons at the different sites; copper bioavailability varied markedly. In addition, through the chronic-Cu BLM -based on the voluntary risk assessment approach, the potential environmental risk in terms of the chronic toxicity was assessed. A much higher likelihood of toxicity effects was found during the cold period at all sites. It is suggested that besides the metal (copper) concentration in the surface water environment, the variability and seasonality of other important water quality parameters should be considered in setting appropriately protective environmental quality standards for metals.
机译：尽管在理解环境因素如何改变金属（例如铜）在水生环境中的形态，生物利用度和毒性方面取得了重大进展，但是用于建立水质标准的当前方法并不一定要考虑给定地点的不同地质和地球化学特征。以及影响铜命运，生物利用度潜力和毒性的因素。此外，浓度和生物可利用金属含量的时间变化在淡水系统中也很重要。本文介绍的工作说明了英国四个淡水站点一系列水质参数的时间和季节变化以及铜的形态，生物利用度和毒性。选择了科克斯克里（Rivers Coquet Cree），下克莱德（Lower Clyde）和伊甸（Eden）（肯特），以涵盖广泛的不同地球化学环境和站点特征。所使用的监测数据涵盖了大约六年的时间，几乎每月一次。化学平衡模型用于研究铜形态的时间变化，并与急性毒性模型相结合来评估两种水生水蚤（Daphnia magna）和水蚤（Daphnia pulex）的铜生物利用度。根据关键的水质参数（碱度，pH和DOC）分析了估计的铜生物利用度，毒性水平和相应的生态系统风险。尽管在采样期间或不同地点的季节之间铜浓度变化不大；铜的生物利用度差异显着。此外，通过基于自愿风险评估方法的慢性铜BLM，评估了慢性毒性方面的潜在环境风险。在寒冷地区所有地点都发现毒性作用的可能性更高。建议在设定适当的金属保护性环境质量标准时，除了地表水环境中的金属（铜）浓度外，还应考虑其他重要水质参数的可变性和季节性。

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