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首页> 外文期刊>Science of the total environment >Microbiological and mycological beach sand quality in a volcanic environment: Madeira archipelago, Portugal
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Microbiological and mycological beach sand quality in a volcanic environment: Madeira archipelago, Portugal

机译：火山环境中的微生物学和真菌学海滩沙质：葡萄牙马德拉群岛

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摘要

Madeira forms a mid-Atlantic volcanic archipelago, whose economy is largely dependent on tourism. There, one can encounter different types of sand beach: natural basaltic, natural calcareous and artificial calcareous. Microbiological and mycological quality of the sand was analyzed in two different years. Bacterial indicators were detected in higher number in 2010 (36.7% of the samples) than in 2011 (9.1%). Mycological indicators were detected in a similar percentage of samples in 2010 (68.3%) and 2011 (75%), even though the total number of colonies detected in 2010 was much higher (827 in 41 samples) than in 2011 (427 in 66 samples). Enterococci and potentially pathogenic and allergenic fungi (particularly Penicillium sp.) were the most common indicators detected in both years. Candida sp. yeast was also commonly detected in the samples. The analysis of the 3rd quartile and maximum numbers of all indicators in samples showed that artificial beaches tend to be more contaminated than the natural ones. However, a significant difference between the variables was lacking. More monitoring data (number of bathers, sea birds, radiation intensity variation, and a greater number of samples) should be collected in order to confirm if these differences are significant. In general, the sand quality in the archipelago's beaches was good. As the sand may be a vector of diseases, an international common set of indicators and values and a compatible methodologies for assessing sand contamination, should be defined, in order to provide the bather's with an indication of beach sand quality, rather than only the water.
机译：马德拉群岛形成大西洋中部的火山群岛，其经济在很大程度上取决于旅游业。在这里，人们会遇到不同类型的沙滩：天然玄武岩，天然钙质和人造钙质。在两年中分析了沙子的微生物学和真菌学质量。与2011年（9.1％）相比，2010年（占样品的36.7％）检出的细菌指标更高。尽管2010年检测到的菌落总数（41个样本中的827个）比2011年（66个样本中的427个）高得多，但在2010年（68.3％）和2011年（75％）的样本中检测到了相似的真菌学指标）。肠球菌和潜在致病性和致敏性真菌（尤其是青霉菌）是两年中最常见的指标。念珠菌样品中也普遍检测到酵母。对样本中所有指标的第三个四分位数和最大值进行的分析表明，人工海滩比自然海滩受到的污染更大。但是，变量之间缺乏显着差异。为了确认这些差异是否显着，应收集更多的监测数据（沐浴者，海鸟数量，辐射强度变化和更多样本）。总体来说，群岛海滩的沙质良好。由于沙子可能是疾病的媒介，因此应定义一套国际通用的指标和价值以及用于评估沙子污染的兼容方法，以便向沐浴者提供沙滩沙子质量的指标，而不仅仅是水。

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