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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Estimating nitrogen flows of agricultural soils at a landscape level - A modelling study of the Upper Enns Valley, a long-term socio-ecological research region in Austria
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Estimating nitrogen flows of agricultural soils at a landscape level - A modelling study of the Upper Enns Valley, a long-term socio-ecological research region in Austria

机译：估计景观水平农业土壤的氮气流 - 奥地利长期社会生态研究区上恩斯谷的建模研究

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This paper explores the fate of reactive nitrogen (Nr) on the landscape scale of present agricultural production practice on arable and grassland soils. We use the soil modelling tool Landscape DNDC (landscape scale DeNitrification-DeComposition model) to quantify resulting flows of Nr distributed to the atmosphere, hydrosphere and the crops. Test area is a watershed in the Austrian Alps characterized by arable production in the low-lying areas and grassland in the mountains. The approach considers an overall budget of nitrogen, and determines the nitrogen use efficiency for individual crops and crop rotations, with average levels found at 85% for the arable area and 68-98% for the grassland areas. Modelled Nr flows are compared to the values resulting from the national emission factor (EF) method used for the Austrian emission inventory. For the arable part of the study region, the annual sum of released Nr emissions derived from Landscape DNDC modelling is lower than the result of the EF method by about 13% (or 7 kg N ha(-1)). Model results are lower also for other Nr species, yet nitrate leaching rates as well as ammonia emissions contribute a major share. For grassland areas, nitrate leaching values estimated by Landscape DNDC greatly depend on local specifics and substantially exceed EF estimates. All other modelled Nr species are lower than the EF results. The model set-up allows to characterize spatially explicit effects of mitigation measures. As an example, we identify nitrous oxide (N2O) hot spots in the study region, and we quantify the N2O emission saving potential if focusing reduction efforts to such hot spots. Reducing fertilization of hot spots by half could remove 14% of N2O emission for 5% less crop yield and a loss of grassland yield by 1% when extrapolated to the whole study area. (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
机译：本文探讨了反应性氮气（NR）对耕地和草地土壤景观量表的命运。我们使用土壤建模工具景观DNDC（景观量脱氮 - 分解模型）来量化分布到大气，水圈和作物的NR的所得流。测试区是奥地利阿尔卑斯山的流域，其特征在于山区低洼地区和草原的耕作生产。该方法考虑了氮的总预算，并确定了个体作物和作物旋转的氮气利用效率，平均水平为85％，为耕地面积为85％，草地区域为68-98％。将建模的NR流与来自奥地利排放库存的国家排放因子（EF）方法产生的值进行比较。对于研究区域的耕地部分，源自景观DNDC建模的释放NR排放的年度总和低于EF方法的结果约13％（或7千克HA（-1））。对于其他NR种类而言，模型结果也较低，但硝酸盐浸出率以及氨排放贡献了主要份额。对于草原地区，景观DNDC估计的硝酸盐浸出值大大依赖于当地细节并大大超过EF估计。所有其他建模的NR物种低于EF结果。模型设置允许在空间显式的缓解措施效果。作为一个例子，我们鉴定了研究区中的氧化氮（N2O）热点，并且如果将努力集中在此类热点，我们将量化N2O排放潜力。将热点的施肥减少一半可以除去14％的N2O排放5％的作物产量和草地产量损失<1％在整个研究区域外推。 （c）2019年作者。由elsevier b.v发布。这是CC的开放访问文章，许可证（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/）。

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